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Chapter 22 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 8 functions of the respiratory system

A
  1. gas exchanges
  2. communication
    3, olfaction
  3. acid-base balance
  4. blood pressure regulation
  5. blood and lymph flow
  6. blood filtration
  7. expulsion of abdominal contents
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2
Q

describe gas exchange

A

O2 and CO2 exchanged between blood and air

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3
Q

describe how respiration effects communication

A

speech and other vocalizations

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4
Q

describe how respiration effects acid-base balance

A

influences the pH of body fluids by eliminating CO2

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5
Q

describe how respiration effects blood pressure regulation

A

by helping in synthesis of angiotensin 2

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6
Q

describe how respiration effects blood and lymph flow

A

breathing creates pressure gradients between thorax and abdomen that promote flow of lymph and blood

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7
Q

describe how respiration effects blood filtration

A

lungs filter small clots

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8
Q

describe how respiration effects expulsion of abdominal contents

A

breath-holding assists in urination, defecation, and childbirth (Valsalva maneuver)

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9
Q

what is the vaxsalva maneuver

A

breath-holding assisting defecation and child birth

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10
Q

what is cellular respiration

A

a metabolic process in order to make ATP from oxygen

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11
Q

define respiration

A

a term used to refer to ventilation of the lungs (breathing) or use of oxygen in cellular metabolism.

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12
Q

what are the principle organs of the respiratory system

A

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

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13
Q

what is the conducting zone of the respiratory system

A
  1. Includes those passages that serve only for airflow
  2. No gas exchange
  3. Nostrils through major bronchioles
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14
Q

what is the respiratory zone

A

Consists of alveoli and other gas exchange regions

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15
Q

what is the upper respiratory tract

A

Nose through larynx

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16
Q

what is the lower respiratory tract

A

organs of the thorax such as the trachea through the lungs

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17
Q

what happens in the conducting zone

A

air just flows through

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18
Q

what happens in the respiratory zone

A

gas exchange occurs

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19
Q

the __ starts the lower respiratory tract

A

trachea

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20
Q

what are the functions of the nose

A
  1. warms cleanses, and humidifies air
  2. detects odors
  3. serves as a resonating chamber that amplifies the voice
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21
Q

what tissue detects odors

A

olfactory epithelium

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22
Q

where does olfactory epithelium reside

A

it covers a small area of the roof of the nasal fossa and adjacent parts of the septum

23
Q

what epithelium is found in the nose

A

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

24
Q

___ on sensory cells bind odorant molecules

A

Immobile cilia

25
what function do respiratory epithelium serve
trap and eliminate inhaled substances
26
where is respiratory epithelium found
the rest of the nasal cavity except the vestibule
27
what tissue is found with the respiratory epithelium
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
28
Goblet cells secrete mucus and mobile cilia propel the mucus posteriorly toward __
pharynx
29
what does erectile tissue do
warms the air
30
where are extensive venous plexus found
in the epithelium of inferior concha
31
Every __ minutes, tissue on one side swells with blood
30 to 60
32
__ Move the odorants and help bind them to receptors in the olfactory
Cilia
33
__ trap particles and the cilia help move them in respiratory
Goblets
34
what is the primary function of the larynx
to keep food and drink out of the airway
35
in several animals the __ has evolved the additional role of phonation
larynx
36
what are the three parts of the interior wall of the larynx
superior vestibular folds, inferior vocal cords, and the glottis
37
what does the superior vestibular folds do
close the larynx during swallowing and help keep food out of the trachea
38
what do the inferior vocal cords do
produce sound when air passes between them
39
what tissue are the inferior vocal cords and their purpose
Covered with stratified squamous epithelium suited to endure vibration and contact
40
what is the glottis
Collectively, the vocal cords and the opening between them
41
the trachea is __ to the esophagus
anterior
42
the trachea is supported by __ C shaped rings of ___
16-20, rigid hyaline cartilage
43
what do the rings of cartilage on the trachea do
Reinforce trachea and prevent collapse during inhalation
44
the trachea forks at the
level of sternal angle
45
define carina
internal medial ridge in the lowermost tracheal cartilage that directs the airflow to the right and left
46
the trachea is part of the __ respiratory tract
lower
47
what do the gaps in the c rings do
allows room for the esophagus to expand as swallowed food passes by, Contracts or relaxes to adjust airflow
48
what is thinner lining of the trachea composed of
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium | Composed mainly of mucus-secreting cells, ciliated cells, and stem cells
49
what is the mechanism of debris removal in the trachea
Mucociliary escalator
50
what is the middle layer of the trachea composed of
Connective tissue beneath the tracheal epithelium | Contains lymphatic nodules, mucous and serous glands, and the tracheal cartilages
51
what is the outermost layer of the trachea called
Adventitia
52
what is the Adventitia composed of
Fibrous connective tissue
53
what are some ways that cilia can be compromised
smoking and bronchitis

A&P (14 decks)

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