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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 22 > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Flashcards

1
Q

the key function of this system is to supply — to body tissues and remove — from the body tissue through cardiovascular system (or supply — to blood and remove — from blood)

A

O2, CO2, O2 and CO2

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2
Q

exchange of respiratory gases between the lungs and the blood is the —

A

external respiration

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3
Q

exchange of gases between the blood and the tissue is the —

A

internal respiration

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4
Q

consists of nose and pharynx

A

upper respiratory system

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5
Q

consists of larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs

A

lower respiratory system

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6
Q

also called external nares

A

nostrils

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7
Q

nasal conchae means…

A

fold

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8
Q

three conchae

A

superior, middle, and inferior

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9
Q

spaces between the conchae

A

meatuses

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10
Q

three meatuses

A

superior meatus, middle meatus, inferior meatus

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11
Q

between the superior and the middle conchae

A

superior meatus

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12
Q

between the middle and the inferior conchae

A

middle meatus

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13
Q

between the inferior meatus and the palate

A

inferior meatus

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14
Q

pharynx divided into

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

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15
Q

upper part

A

nasopharynx

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16
Q

middle part

A

oropharynx

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17
Q

lower part

A

laryngopharynx

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18
Q

wall consists of 9 pieces of cartilage

A

thyroid cartilage, epiglottic cartilage, cricoid cartilage, arytenoids cartilage, corniculate cartilage, and cuneiform cartilage

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19
Q

thyroid cartilage

A

signle

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20
Q

epiglottic cartilage (epiglottis)

A

single

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21
Q

cricoid cartilage

A

single

22
Q

arytenoids cartialge

A

paired

23
Q

corniculate cartilage

A

paired

24
Q

cuneiform cartilage

A

paired

25
Q

wall consists of …

A

mucosa, submucosa, cartilage, and a few muscle and fibrous tissues

26
Q

divisions of trachea

A

trachea–> primary bronchi–> secondary bronchi (lobar bronchi)–> tertiary bronchi (segmental bronchi)–> bronchioles–> terminal bronchioles–> respiratory bronchioles–> alveolar ducts

27
Q

divisions of a lung

A

lung–> lobes–> segments–> lobules–> alveolar sacs (alveoli)

28
Q

squamous pulmonary epithelium

A
  • large flat cells
  • make the wall of the alveolus
29
Q

septal cells

A
  • these are small cuboidal cells
  • produce a mixture of lipoprotein substance called surfactants
  • surfactants reduce lung tension during breathing
30
Q

alveolar macrophages cells

A
  • also called the dust cells
  • cleans up dust particles in the lung tissue
31
Q

inspiration occurs when the intrapulmonic pressure …

A

falls below the atmospheric pressure (760 mm Hg at sea level)

32
Q

the volume of a gas varies inversely with the pressure at a constant temperature

A

boyle’s law

33
Q

pulmonary air volumes

A
  • twelve repirations per minute at rest (normal)
  • we breath in or breath out about 500 ml of air
34
Q

minute volume respiration

A
  • the volume of air taken in per minute
  • 500 ml x 12 = 6,000 ml
35
Q

inspiratory reserve volume

A
  • the excess air that we can breath in by a deep breath
  • about 3,100 ml (above the tidal volume)
36
Q

expiratory reserve volume

A
  • the excess air that we can expel forcibly
  • abour 1,200 ml (above the tidal volume)
37
Q

residual volume

A
  • the volume of air remains inside the lungs following a forcible expulsion of air
  • about 1,200 ml
38
Q

inspiratory capacity

A
  • the maximum volume of air we can breath in
  • tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume
  • 500 ml + 3,100 ml = 3,600 ml
39
Q

expiratory capacity

A
  • the maximunm volume of air we can expel
  • tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume
  • 500 ml + 1,200 ml = 1,700 ml
40
Q

functional residual volume

A
  • the volume of air that remains inside the lungs following a normal expiration (no force applied)
  • residual volume + expiratory reserve volume
  • 1,200 ml + 1,200 ml = 2,400 ml
41
Q

total lung capacity

A
  • the maximum volume of air the lungs can hold
  • functional residual volume + tidal volume + inspiratoru reserve volume
  • 2,400 ml + 500 ml + 3,100 ml = 6,000 ml
42
Q

the volume of a gas is directly propoertional to the absolute temperature, assuming that the pressure remains constant

A

charle’s law

43
Q

each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own pressure as of all other gases are not present

A

dalton’s law

44
Q

the quantity of a gas that will be dissolved in a liquid, is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas and its solubility coefficient at a constant temperature

A

herny’s law

45
Q

— of O2 is transported by hemoglobin (Hb)

A

97%

46
Q

— of O2 is transported by plasma

A

3%

47
Q

— of CO2 is transported by hemoglobin

A

23%

48
Q

— of CO2 is transported by plasma

A

77%

49
Q

Hb + O2 =

A

oxyhemoglobin

50
Q

Hb + CO2 =

A

carbaminohemoglobin

51
Q

located in the pons; promotes inspiration (inhibits expiration)

A

apneustic area

52
Q

located in the pons; promotes expiration (inhibits inspiration)

A

pneumotaxic area

Anatomy and Physiology (17 decks)

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