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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 18 > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Flashcards

1
Q

enclosed and held by pericardium

A

heart covering

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2
Q

sinoatrial node (SA node)

A
  • mass of cells in right atrium opening the superior vena cava
  • sents impluses to artial muscles for atrial contractions
  • stimulates AV node
  • SA is pace maker
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3
Q

final 0.4 sec

A

all chamber relax

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4
Q

next 0.3 sec

A
  • ventricles contract (systole)
  • atria relax (diastole)
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5
Q

left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the — that is divided into — to deliver oxygenated blood to major organs

A

aorta; major arteries

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6
Q

right coronary is divided into

A

posterior interventricular branch and marginal branch

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7
Q

from the upper body

A

superior vena cava
* deoxygenated blood only

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8
Q

timing

A
  • 75 heart beats per minute (average)
  • 1 heart beat= 1 cardiac cycle
  • each cycle is about 0.08 sec= divided into 0.1 + 0.3 + 0.4 sec
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9
Q

aortic semilunar valve

A
  • located between the left ventricle and aorta
  • 3 flaps
  • attached to wall of aorta
  • open inside the aorta
  • oxygenated blood flow in one direction only
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10
Q

comb like muscle projections on the inner wall of the
atria that provide rigidity to the atrial wall

A

pectinate muscles

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11
Q

left coronary is divided into

A

anterior interventricular branch and circumflex branch

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12
Q

pulmonary trunk is divided into – and —— that delivers blood to the – and — for oxygentation

A

left and right pulmonary arteries; left and righ lungs

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13
Q

ventricular diastole

A
  • presurre drops
  • semilunar valves close
  • takes 0.05 sec
  • is isovolumetric relaxation
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14
Q

leads to heart block and cardiac arrest

A

hyperkalemia (high blood potassium level)

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15
Q

pericardium has 2 parts

A
  • fibrous pericardium
  • serous pericardium
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16
Q

right atrium then delivers deoxygenated blood to the –

A

right ventricle

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17
Q

thicker than the atrial wall

A

ventricular wall

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18
Q

is an oval depression on the septal wall of the right atrium

A

fossa ovalis

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19
Q

is created when the atrioventricular valves close

A

lubb

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20
Q

endocardium

A
  • thin layer of fibrous connective tissue
  • lines heart muscle and heart valves
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21
Q

two atria are separated by ____

A

interatrial septum

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22
Q

that supply blood to the wall
of the left ventricle

A

anterior interventricular branch

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23
Q

valves of the heart

A
  • two atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and bicuspid/mitral)
  • two semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary)
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24
Q

right atrium recieves deoxygenated blood through

A
  • superior vena cava
  • inferior vena cava
  • coronary sinus
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25
Q

ventricles receive atrial blood

A

ventriclar filling

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26
Q

reduced ionic calcium depresses the heart

A

hypocalcemia

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27
Q

right ventricle delivers deoxygenated blood to the–

A

pulmonary trunk

28
Q

that supply blood to the wall
of the right ventricle

A

posterior interventricular branch

29
Q

dramatically increases heart irritability and leads to convulsive contractions

A

hypercalcemia

30
Q

entire heart muscle behave as a single unit

A

functional syncytium

31
Q

two ventricle are separated by ____

A

interventrucular septum

32
Q

deoxygenated blood is collected by –

A

coronary sinus

33
Q

heart wall two layers of tissue

A
  • myocardium
  • endocardium
34
Q

that drains posterior part of the heart wall

A

middle cardiac vein

35
Q

is the phase of relaxation

A

diastole

36
Q

is an opening in the interatrial septum of the fetal heart – that
corresponds to the site of fossa ovalis

A

foramen ovale

37
Q

the space between the parietal and visceral layers; contains pericardial fluid

A

pericardial cavity
* serous pericardium

38
Q

irregular muscular columns projected from the inner
surface of the right ventricle of the heart

A

trabeculae carneae

39
Q

is the phase of contraction

A

systole

40
Q

heart sound

A
  • lubb and dupp
  • lubb is louder and longer than the dupp
41
Q

heart rate less than 60 beats/min

A

bradycardia

42
Q

finger like muscle projections inside the ventricles

A

papillary muscles

43
Q

oxygenated blood from the lungs is delivered to the left atrium
through

A

pulmonary veins

44
Q

thicker than the right ventricular wall

A

left ventricular wall

45
Q

pumonary semilunar valve

A
  • located between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
  • 3 flaps
  • attached to wall of pulmonary trunk
  • open inside pulmonary trunk
  • deoxygenated blood flow in one direction only
46
Q

blocks heart contraction by
inhibiting calcium ion transport

A

hypernatremia (high blood sodium level)

47
Q

impluses are sent by a bundle of nerve fibers called the —

A

bundle of his (atrioventricular bundle)

48
Q

oxgenated blood is supplied by — and —

A

right and left coronary arteries

49
Q

from heart muscles

A

coronary sinus
* deoxygenated blood from heart

50
Q

tricuspid valve

A
  • 3 flaps
  • valves are connected to the papillary muscles of the right ventricle by chordae tendineae (fibrous tissue)
51
Q

myocardium

A
  • cardiac muscle
  • many layers, involuntary
52
Q

from the lower body

A

inferior vena cava
* deoxygenated blood only

53
Q

heart muscle are stimulated by nerves

A

self-excitable

54
Q

outer thicker layer if fibrous tissue

A

fibrous pericardium

55
Q

serous pericardium

A
  • divided into parietal (outer) and visceral (inner) layers
56
Q

first 0.1 sec

A
  • atria contract (systole)
  • ventricle relax (diastole)
57
Q

that supply blood to the wall of the left atrium and left ventricle

A

circumflex branch

58
Q

that the anterior part of the heart wall

A

great cardiac vein

59
Q

that supply blood to the wall of the right ventricle

A

marginal branch

60
Q

heart rate over 100 beats/min

A

tachycardia

61
Q

biscuspid valve

A
  • also known as mitral valve
  • 2 flaps
  • valves are connected to the papillary muscles of the left ventricle by chordae tendineae
62
Q

is created when the semilunar valves close

A

dubb

63
Q

pathway of blood through the heart and lungs

A

right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle → pulmonary semulunar valve → pulmonary arteries → lungs → pulmonary veins → left artium → bicuspid valve → left ventricle → aortic semilunar valve → aorta → systemic circulation

64
Q

ventricular systole

A
  • atrioventricular valves close
  • ventricles contract
  • first 0.05 sec is isovolmetic contraction period
  • semilunar valves open up; ejection period (0.25 sec)
  • ventricles pump 1/2 blood content= stroke volume
65
Q

is the systole and diastole of the atria and the ventricles

A

complete cardiac cycle

66
Q

heart has 4 chambers

A

right atrium (superior), left atrium (superior), right ventricle (inferior), and left ventricle (inferior)

67
Q

atrial systole

A
  • 70% artial blood flow to ventricles when artioventricular valves are open
  • 30% artial blood flow under atrial contraction

Anatomy and Physiology (17 decks)

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