chapter 21- habit reversal Flashcards
awareness training
- a component of the habit reversal procedure in which the person taught to identify each instance of a particular habit behaviour as it occurs
- the client then learns a competing response and practices the competing response in session after each occurrence of the habit
competing response
- an alternative behavior that occurs in place of another TB
- typically the competing response is physically incompatible with the TB, so it’s occurrence competes with the occurrence of the TB
- client imagines a situation where they will use the competing response
- finally, client uses the competing response outside the session whenever the habit is about to occur
competing response training
- a component of the habit reversal procedure in which the client is taught to engage in a competing response contingent on the occurrence of the habit behavior or contingent on the urge to engage in the habit behavior.
- significant others are insturcted to promote the client to use the competing response when the habit occurs outside the session
diaphragmatic breathing
- a type of relaxation exercise in which one engages in slow, rhythmic breathing, using the diaphragm muscle to pull air deep into the lungs
habit behaviour
- a repetitive behaviour
- three types: nervous habits, motor tics and stuttering
habit reversal
a procedure for treating habit disorders- its component procedures include awareness training competing response training, social support, generalization strategies, and motivational strategies
- *research has shown that awareness training and competing response training are the most crucial components for treatment effectiveness
- used to decrease the frequency of undesirable behaviors
motivation strategy
- part of the habit reversal procedure used to increase the likelihood that the client will use the competing response outside the treatment sessions to control the habit
motor tics
- repetitive jerking movements of a particular muscle group in the body
- usually involves muscles in the neck or face but many also involve shoulders, arms, hands, legs or torso
- associated with heightened muscle tension, it could be due to an injury or an event that increases the tension in a particular muscle group, but occurs even after the injury or event has passed
nervous habits
- repetitive, manipulative behaviors that are most likely to occur when a person experiences heightened tension- nervous habits do not typically serve any social function for the individual
- ie. twirling or stroking hair, tapping a pencil, chewing on a pen or person, cracking knuckles, and other repetitive manipulation of objects or body parts, biting lips
- causes physical damage suck as cracked lips to repetetive biting
regulated breathing
- the competing response that is used in the habit reversal treatment for stuttering
social support
- a component of the habit reversal procedure in which a significant other praises the client for the correct use of the competing response and prompts the client to use the competing response when the habit behaviour occurs.
stuttering
- a speech disfluency in which the individual repeats words or syllables, prolongs a word sound, and/ or blocks on a word (makes no sound for a period of time when trying to say a word)
- stuttering may occur in young children are they first learning to use language, but most children grow out of it without a problem
- it is usually barely noticeable
Tourette’s syndrome
- a tic disorder involving multiple motor and vocal tics that have occurred for at least 1 year
- tic disorder involving multiple motor and vocal ties
- believed to be caused by a complex interaction of genetic and neurobiological factors, as well as environmental events
vocal tic
- a repetitive vocal sound or word uttered by an individual that does not serve any commutative function
- repetitive vocal sounds do not serve a social purpose
- includes throat clearing, coughing, sounds, or words
habit disorder
a repetitive behaviour that is distressing to the person
- includes nervous habits, vocal tics and stuttering
two basic skills client learns during habit reversal training
- discriminate each occurrence of the habit (awareness training) and
- to use the competing response contingent on the occurrence of the habit or in anticipation of the occurrence of the habit (compete response training)
habit reversal components
- awareness training
- competing response training
- social supports
- motivation procedures
two possible purpose of competing responses
- inhibits the habit behaviour and provides an alternative behaviour to replace it
- competing response may serve as a punisher as in the application of aversive activities such as overcorrection and contingent exercise
nervous habits
body-focused repetitive behaviours (BFRB)
generalization training
practice focuses on how to control tics in every day situations
- first, person practices tic-control procedures in session until done correctly
symbolic rehearsal
person imagines common and tic-eliciting situations and then performs the tic-control exercise
- finally, the person tried controlling
real-world situations
aversion therapy
a form of respondent conditioning which involved the repeated pairing of a troublesome reinforcer with an aversive event
- ie. treatment of alcoholism
- repeated pairing of alcohol with disulfram may cause the person to avoid alcohol (CS)
coversive sensitization (imagined aversion)
- therapy often uses symbollic representations (ie, pictures or videos) to rplace the troublesome reinforcer intself
massed negative practice
a punisher procedure that requires the person to repeat the undesired target behaviour for a predetermined time period contingent on the occurrence of the TB i.e.. after a vocal tic, the person would have to force him or herself to make vocal tics for 2 minutes
