chap 18- positive punsihment procedures and ethics of punsihment

Question 1

application of aversive activites

Answer 1

• a positive punishment procedure in which, contingent on the undesirable behaviour, the client is required to engage in an aversive behaviour, the child was made to engage in an aversive activity
• an aversive activity is a low probability behaviour that a person tropically would choose not to engage in.
• engage in the aversive activity immediately contingent on the problem behaviour

Question 2

application of aversive stimulation

Answer 2

• involves delivering an aversive stimulus after the problem behaviour
• when the problem behavior results in the delivery of the aversive stimulus, the behaviour is less likely to occur in the future

Question 3

contingent exercise

Answer 3

• the client is made to engage in some form of physical exercise contingent on an instance of the problem behaviour
• in contingent exercise, the aversive activity involves physical exercise that is unrelated to the problem behaviour

Question 4

guided compliance

Answer 4

• a positive punishment procedure used with a person who displays a noncompliant behaviour
• when you make a request and the person refuses to comply, you physcially prompt the person to engage in the bheaviour
• prevents escape from the requested behaviour
• serves as an extinction procedure when the noncompliant behaviour is negatively reinforced by escape from the requested activity

Question 5

informed consent

Answer 5

• the process in which the client is informed of the behaviour modification procedure to be used and agrees in written to undergo the procedure - necessary for the use of positive punishment procedures

Question 6

overcorrection

Answer 6

• a positive punsihment procedure in which, contingent on the problem behaviour, a person is required to engage in effortful activity for a brief period
• positive practice and restitution are two types of overcorrection

Question 7

physical restraint

Answer 7

• punishment procedure which, contingent on a problem behaviour, the change agent holds inmobile the part of the clients body that is involved in the behaviour
• while being physically restrained, the student cannot engage in the problem behaviour

Question 8

positive practice

Answer 8

• client must engage in correct forms of relevant behaviour until it has been repeated a number of times
• ie. after doing math problems rishing and getting them all wrong, you have to do it all over again

Question 9

response blocking

Answer 9

• the change agent prevents the occurrence of a problem behaviour by physically blocking the response
• ie. stopping a child from puttting her thumb in her mouth, to prevent thumb- sucking

Question 10

restitution

Answer 10

• a procedure in which , contingent on each instance of the problem behaviour, the client must correct the environmental effects of the problem behaviour and restore the environment to a condition better than that which existed before the problem behaviour
• *MAke up for wha t you did, you creat a mess, then you clean it up

Question 11

function of guided compliance

Answer 11

• 1. it is positive punishment of the behaviour because the aversive stimulus (physical guidance) is applied after the problem behaviour, and it negatively reinforces compliance with the requested activity because the aversive stimulus is removed after complaince
     
     2. involves extinction, positive punishment, and negative reinforcement

Question 12

accountability

Answer 12

• preventing misuse and overuse

- implementing guidelines

Question 13

time-out from positive reinforcement

Answer 13

loss of access to positive reinforcers following an undesirable behaviour

Question 14

non-exclusionary timeout

Answer 14

after an undesirable behaviour, person remains in the same room or location (the time-in) but is denied access to reinforcers

Question 15

contingent observation

Answer 15

• person is denied access to reinforcers and must observe others engaging in activities

Question 16

exclusionary time-out

Answer 16

following an undesirable behaviour, person is;

• moved to a differen part of the room or location and is denied access to reinforcers
• or is moved to a different room

Question 17

isolation time-out

Answer 17

• person is removed from the environment in which the reinforcers are avaiable, to a separate setting in which they are alone
• ie. breaking rules in prison reuslts in solitary confinement **ALL ALONE

Question 18

response interruption/ redirection

Answer 18

combines response blocking and differential reinforcment (block response, then prompt)
- ie. student engages in hand-mouthing; teacher blocks; teacher prompts student to request edible reinfrocer

Question 19

physically aversive stimuli

Answer 19

cause physical pain, discomfot, or unplesant sensations

ie. ammonia held under nose to reduce SIBS

Question 20

ethics of punsihment

Answer 20

• informed consent
• alternative treatments
• safety
• problem severity
• implementation guidelines
• training and supervision
• peer review
• accountability

Question 21

sensory simulation

Answer 21

• ?