chapter 15- differential reinforcement

Question 1

differential reinforcement of alternative behaviour DRA

Answer 1

• a procedure for decreasing a problem behaviour by reinforcers a functionally equivalent alternative behaviour( a competing behaviour) to replace the problem behaviour
• the desirable behaviour is reinforced each tie it occurs, which results in an increase in the future probability of the desired behaviour
• DRA involves combing reinforcement for desirable behaviour and extinction of undesirable behaviours

Question 2

differential reinforcement of communication DRC

Answer 2

• a type of DRC procedure in which a communication response is reinforced to replace the problem behaviour
• also called Functional communication training

Question 3

differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviour DRI

Answer 3

• a type of DRA procedure in which physically incompatible behaviour is reinforced to replace a problem behaviour

Question 4

differential reinforcement of low rates of responding DRL

Answer 4

• a procedure in whcih a lower rate of a particular behaviour is reinforced to decrease the rate of the behaviour - involves reinforcing the absence of the problem behaviour

Question 5

differential reinforcement of other behaviour DRO

Answer 5

• a procedure in which the reinforcer is delivered after intervals of time in which the problem behaviour does not occur - involves reinforcing the absence of the problem behaviour

Question 6

full session DRL

Answer 6

• type of differential reinforcement of low rates of responding procedure in which the reinforcer is delivered if fewer than a specified number of responses occur in a specific period (the session) - it is used to decrease the rate of behaviour

Question 7

functional communication training

Answer 7

another name for DRC

Question 8

inter response time IRT

Answer 8

• the time b/w the occurrence of consecutive respones

Question 9

interval DRL

Answer 9

• type of differential reinforcement of low rates of responding procedure that involves dividing a session into consecutive intervals or time and providing the reinforcer if no more than one response occurred in each interval

Question 10

momentary DRO

Answer 10

• a type of differntial reinforcement of other behaviour procedure in which the reinforcer is delivered if the person is refraining from the problem behaviour at the end of the DRO interval- the problem behaviour does not have to be absent throughout the entire interval for the reinforcer to be delivered

Question 11

multiple stimulus assessment

Answer 11

• an array of potential reinforcers is presented to the individual and the researcher records which potential reinforcer the individual approaches or chooses first

Question 12

multiple stimulus without replacement (MSWO)

Answer 12

-array of stimuli presented a number of times to identify the order of which the stimuli are chosen

Question 13

paired stimulus assessment

Answer 13

(forced choice or paired choice procedure)

-

Question 14

preference assessment

Answer 14

• process of identifying reinforcers for an individual that involves presenting potential reinforcers and measuring whether the individual approaches, manipulates, or consumes the item

Question 15

reinforcer assessment

Answer 15

• a process in which an item from a preference assessment is delivered contingent on a behaviour to see if behaviour increases - if the behaviour increases, the item functions as a reinforcer

Question 16

spaced- responding DRL

Answer 16

• a type of differential reinforcement of low rates of responding procedure in which the reinforcer is delivered when responses are separated by a specific time interval

Question 17

stereotypic behaviour

Answer 17

• repetitive behaviour that do not serve any social function for the individual - they are often called “self stimulatory behaviors” because they function to produce some form of sensory simulation for the individual

Question 18

single stimulus assessment

Answer 18

• each potential reinforcer (from an array of potential reinforcers) is presented one at a time, to see whether the individual approaches the stimulus or not
• after each stimulus is presented numerous times, the researcher calculates the percentage of times that the individual approached each stimulus to indicated which stimuli are likely to be reinforcers

Question 19

whole interval DRO

Answer 19

• a type of differential reinforcement of other behaviour in which the problem behaviour must be absent throughout the entire interval of time for the reinforcer to be delivered - most DRO procedures involve the whole interval

Question 20

how to use DRA

Answer 20

• define desirable behaviour
• describe undesirable behaviour
• identify the reinforcer

Question 21

paired stimulus assessment

Answer 21

• two potential reinforcers (from an array of potential reinforcers) are presented to the individual and the researcher records which stimulus the individual approaches
• each stimulus is presented with every other stimulus multiple times and the researcher calculates the percentage of times that the individual approaches each stimulus, indicating which stimuli are likely to be reinforcers

Question 22

implementing DRO

Answer 22

• identify the reinforcer for the problem behaviour
• identify the rinforcer to use in the DRO procedure
• choose the intial DDRO time interval

Question 23

implementing DRL

Answer 23

• determine whether DRL is appropriate
• determine an acceptable level of the behaviour
• decide whether to implement full session DRL or spaced -responding DRL
• prior to implementing the DRL procedure, you should inform client about the procedure so they know the criterion about reinforcing