Chapter 2 notes Flashcards
What is The reformation
Geography and economy of ´holiness´’(churches, cloisters and abbeys everywhere), Economy of pardons and indulgences, Tradition of criticism (e.g. from Christian humanists like Erasmus).
Who was Desiderius Erasmus?
One of the first north-european humanists, made praise of folly, 1511, his goal : to cleanse the church from within.
Who was Martin Luther?
Key-figure in the reformation, visited Rome in 1510 and was horrified. ´Salvation is not earned through good deeds but through faith´. Goal : roman-catholic church must be abolished.
What were Luther´s teachings?
Sola fides (by faith alone) and Sola scriptura (by scripture alone). Sola scriptura : northern humanist tradition (read for yourself!), northern tradition of private devotion, leads to translations bible into vernacular.
Explain Luther´s successes.
print and propaganda, people were already upset with Rome, connection with humanist moveent, many policital tensions (reformation was used in service of secular politics), holy roman emperor charles V, too busy fighting the Ottoman empire.
Who was Jean Calvin?
Even more radical position, bible was the only source of true knowledge, calvinism.
What was iconoclasm?
Destruction religious images (paintings, sculptures). Consequences : new themes replace religious themes, northern renaissance art follows different course than italian Renaissance.
What impacted the reformation of the arts?
Iconoclasm, condemnation of worshipping saints and mary (religious art saved by placing it in private collections), the emergence of alternative subjects (portraits, landscapes and seascapes, still lifes, genre painting).
