Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

When emancipation edict

A

March 1861

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many serfs emancipated

A

51million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

when state serfs receive freedom

A

1866

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why did the emancipation of the serfs not have the benefits that it could’ve had

A
  • Pay redemption payments for 49 years
  • Only leave commune with Mir’s permission
  • Land allocations were rarely fair, with the average peasant recieving less than four hectares
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How much did the average peasant recieve from land allocation after emancipation

A

Less than 4 hectares

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Statistic to show how no mobile labour force after emancipation

A

Around 15% serfs remained obliged to their landlords until 1881

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Extent of development of Kulak class after emancipation

A

Less than 1% of population by 1914

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Statistic to show extent of outrage over emancipation edict

A

647 outbreaks or riots in the four months that followed the decree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Statistic to show how emancipation of the serfs didn’t provide economic promise

A

By 1878, only 50% of peasantary were producing a surplus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is important to remember regarding all of Alexander II’s reforms

A

Intended to maintain autocracy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What motives for reform did Alexander II gain from his childhood

A

Tutored by Romantic Poet, Vasily Zhukovsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What motives for reform did Alexander II gain from nobles

A

Circle of progressive nobles came into prominence - ‘Party of St Petersburg Progress’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What motives for reform did Alexander II gain from family

A
  • Brother Grand Duke Konstantin
  • Aunt, Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna
  • All fuelled his determination to act
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How significant was serf disoder in relation to the emancipation of the serfs

A

Posed no real threat to autocracy, but Alexander used it as an excuse to convince the nobles that emancipation was necessary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Statistic to show how serf disorder was increasing before emancipation

A

Between 1840-4, there had been fewer than 30 outbreak of disorder per year. This figure more than doubled in the next 15 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What did Milyutin believe was needed in order to modernise the army

A

A free population (achieved through emancipation)

17
Q

Significant introduction in 1864

18
Q

Limitations of zemstva

A
  • Voting procedure allowed nobility to dominate
  • No control over state and local taxes
  • When introduced, Land Captains could overturn descisions
19
Q

Powers of zemstva

A
  • Could improve public services, and administer relief to the poor in times of hardship
  • Gave opposition a platform to speak out from
20
Q

Influence of the Church under Alexander II

A

Remained unchanged

21
Q

Did emancipation change the way in which peasants attended to their crops

22
Q

Nickname of Alexander II

A

‘Tsar Liberator’

23
Q

Summary statement for the reason why some felt hostile to Alexander II’s reforms

A

The tsarist Government approached reform in a piecemeal fashion, meaning expectations were raised which were then not fulfiled

24
Q

Milyutin’s military reforms

A
  • Conscription down to 15years, with 10 in reserve
  • Military colonies abolished
  • New command structure establsihed
  • Mass education campaigns
25
What shows the limitations of Milyutins' military reforms
* Officer class remained largely ariostocratic * Struggled to beatTurkey 1877-78 * Lost to Japan 1904-05
26
In Alexander II's progressive years, what were the judicial changes
* Courts opened * Lawyers and jury introduced * Judges given better training and pay * Proceedings freely reported by the 'Russian Courier' newspaper
27
Limitations to Alexander II's judicial progressive reforms
Peasantry in volost courts still treated differently to those of higher status
28
Education reforms in Alexander II's progressive period
* Schooling transferred from Church to zemstva * Schools declared open to all regardless of sex or class
29
Statistic to show how primary schools increased under Alexander II and III
Number of schools rose from 8,000 in 1856 to 23,000 in 1880