Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Who head of Church in 1855

A

Tsar

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2
Q

How large was the Russian Empire in 1855

A
  • 21 million square kilometers
  • Twice size of Europe
  • 1/6 of Globe’s surface
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3
Q

Who ran the Church’s day-to-day activities in 1855

A

The Over-Procurator of the Holy Synod

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4
Q

Who were the Tsar’s main advisory body in 1855

A

The Council of Ministers

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5
Q

Where capital in 1855

A

St Petersburg

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6
Q

Where spiritual capital in 1855

A

Moscow

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7
Q

How many soldiers in army in 1855

A

1.5million - largest in World

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8
Q

Role of serfs in army in 1855

A

25year mandatory military service

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9
Q

Who Cossacks

A

Elite regiment serving as personal bodygaurds to Tsar

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10
Q

Main Tsarist method of political authority in 1855

A

Third Section - had unlimited powers - carry out raids, and exile or arrest anyone suspected of anti-tsarist behaviour

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11
Q

Statistic to show how rural economy was in 1855

A

11:1 village to town dwellers, but 2:1 in Britain

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12
Q

What was a key fault of the Empire in 1855, and a significant reason why the Crimean war was lost

A

Communications between different parts of the Empire were very poor

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13
Q

Why was agriculture not thriving in 1855

A
  • Strip farming
  • Communal farming patterns
  • No industrialisation
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14
Q

Most common peasant purchases in 1855

A
  • metal tools
  • salt
  • vodka
  • all heavily taxed by tsar
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15
Q

Evidence money was no use in underdeveloped economy in 1855

A

Exchanges between peasants instead, such as length of wool for eggs

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16
Q

Evidence of no idustrialisation in 1855

A

Corn cut by hand with sickles and wooden solcha used widely

17
Q

Economic benefit of nobility + clergy in 1855

A

Excempt from any direct monetary taxes

18
Q

Socially, how Russia very different to European neighbours in 1855

A
  • Distinct lack of middle class
  • Small number formed intellegentisia
  • Well-educated teachers, doctors and lawyers
19
Q

Position of ethnic groups in 1855

A
  • Over 100
  • 2/3 Slavs
20
Q

Who fight in Crimean War

A

Russia vs GB, France and Turkey

21
Q

Why was the Russian army so humiliatingly defeated in the Crimean war

A

Poor transport - unable to move munitions and troops to the front line quick enough
* Poorly organised
* Lacking determination

22
Q

Impact of the humiliating defeat in the Crimean war

A

Provided the impetus to match European neighbours and industrialise, without weakening the autocratic strucutre