Chapter 11 Flashcards
Evidence to show that the tsar’s decision to go to war was a popular one
- Strike activity ceased
- Germanic St Petersburg renamed to Slavic Petrograd
- Duma voted in favour of war credits and dissolved itslef
Military losses at start of WW1
Tannenburg and Masurin Lakes
Events of June 1915 and what it shows
- Municipal dumas and zemstvas form the Zemgor to help the war effort
- Largely ignored and Nicholas blamed them for stirring up trouble
- Nicholas’ reluctance to give any concessiion
Events of September 1915
- Parties in the Duma ask for constitutional reform, Nicholas responds by dissolving them
- Nicholas assumes title of Commander-in-Cheif of army and navy after defeats in Galicia
Effect of Nicholas assuming Commander-in-Cheif of army and navy in September 1915
- Lost support from generals, despite he himself not having military experiance to turn war effort around
- He only one to blame for military defeats
- Left Petrograd, not being able to take action against the obvious deeds of Rasputin, damaging his relationship with nobles
How did Nicholas assuming Commander-in-Cheif of army and navy in September 1915 damage relationship with nobles
Faliure to take action against the obvious deeds of Rasputin, damaged his relationship with the nobles that he relied on to uphold his autocracy
How many soilders mobilised 1914-17
15 million
Why weren’t the 15 million soilders mobilised from 1914-17 not well equiped from 1914-16
- Insufficient warm and waterproof clothing
- Two rifles for every three soilders
- Artilery limited to 2-3 shells per day
Problems facing military from 1916-17
- Lack of experinaced soilders
- Germans had superior railways, being able to re-inforce their front
- 1.5 million dessertions in 1916
Dessertions in 1916
1.5 million
How did WW1 affect rural and urban society
- Naval blockades of baltic and black sea ports
- Acute food + fuel shortages
- Majority of food re-directed to front line
- 300% rise in cost of living
Events of Saturday 25th February 1917
- Over half of Petrograd’s workforce went on strike, bringing city to standstill
- Violence escalates, with Police Chief Shalfeev being dragged from his horse, beaten + shot
- Cossacks refuse to attack civilians
Events of Sunday 26th February 1917
- 66,000 soilders mutiny, arming protestors with 40,000 rifles
- Police HQ’s stormed, and prisons opened
What marked the end of the Romonov dynsasty
March 2nd 1917, Nicholas reisnged, passing the throne to Grand-Duke Milkahil who refused
How many years Romonov dynasty
304
How significant revolutionary groups in Feb17 revoltuion
Very insignificant
What groups gave support to Petrograd Soviet, and Provisional Government
- Provisional government had support of elite and nobles (as it mimicked tsarist regime)
- Petrograd soviet seen as the more democratic organisation in the eyes of workers + soilders
Whom established dual power and why
Kerensky, as the only member of both Petrograd Soviet and Provisonal Governement
Dessertions statistic in 1917
365,000 in March-May, with death penalty being reinstaled to control troops
Key differential between Provisional Government and Petrograd Soviet
Provisional Government remained dedicated to keeping Russia in the war, whereas the Petrograd Soviet encouraged defiance and mutiny
Cost of living by October 1917
755%
What was the Kornilov coup
- 27-30 July
- Intended to crush Petrograd Soviet
- Led by Kornilov
- Kerensky released impriosned Bolsheviks, arming them to defend the city
Why did provisional government lack support in country
Faliure to re-distribute land
