Chapter 10

Question 1

What contributed to the growth in Liberal Opposition under Nicholas II

Answer 1

A rapidly developing middle class

Question 2

When central group for Liberal Opposition created under Nicholas II

Answer 2

1903 - Union of Liberation founded under Pyotor Struve

Question 3

Aims of liberal under Nicholas II

Answer 3

Reform to constitutional system whereby urban workers can campaign legally for their rights

Question 4

How much of a threat were the liberals under Nicholas II

Answer 4

Not a threat to rule, but to his autocracy, as they contributed to the momentum that was building for change

Question 5

What weakened the liberals under Nicholas II

Answer 5

Easily appeased by the Duma’s introduction in 1905

Question 6

Regarding the liberal opposition, what shows Nicholas’s reluctance to anything other than total autocracy

Answer 6

Being reluctant to grant even the liberals concessions, who weren’t trying to diminish his autocracy

Question 7

When were the SR’s established

Answer 7

The SR party was established in 1901, with Chernov being their most prominent intellectual

Question 8

Membership and aims of SR’s under Nicholas II

Answer 8

Fairly loose organisation, with groups with a wide variety of views, broadly accepting Marxist and populist ideas

Question 9

Main belief of the SR’s

Answer 9

Put forward the view that the interests of the peasants and workers were identical and that they should work together to bring about land redistribution and destroy autocracy

Question 10

What weakened the SR’s under Nicholas II

Answer 10

• Yevno Azef was a double agent who inflitrated the party
• Over 4500 SR’s were sentenced to death between 1905-09

Question 11

Evidence of how threatening the SR’s were

Answer 11

Carried out 2000 political assasinations between 1901-05, including tow Ministers of Internal Affairs, and Prime Minister Stolypin in 1911

Question 12

How much of a threat were the SR’s to Nicholas II’s autocracy

Answer 12

Very - wanted to remove autocracy and dangerous with assasinations

Question 13

When were the SD’s established

Answer 13

1898 as an amalgamation of various Marxist groups

Question 14

Why was Lenin exiled to Siberia in the 1890s

Answer 14

Wrote Marxist pamphlets and organised strikes among factory workers

Question 15

What weakened the SD’s under Nicholas II

Answer 15

• Lenin and Martov had opposing ideas on how the party should be run
• Lenin had total commitment to revolution only, and should lead the proleteriat in doing so
• Martov thought the impetus for change must come from the workers themselves
• Split by 1903

Question 16

Leader of Mensheviks

Answer 16

Julius Martov

Question 17

To what extent were trade unions a threat to tsarist autocracy under Nicholas II

Answer 17

• Mainly confined to St Petersburg, wehre 3/4 strikes took place
• 997 closed from 1906-10
• Demonstrated State’s faliure to passify the working class

Question 18

Reasons as to why the extent of opposition was not great under Nicholas II

Answer 18

• No strong opposition group from National Minorities
• SRs and SDs greatly weakened by exile of leaders from 1905
• No group had success in army or navy

Question 19

How widespread was opposition under Nicholas II

Answer 19

• By 1914, the majority of people still untouched by opposition groups

Question 20

On the whole, why weren’t oppositiion groups that threatening under Nicholas II

Answer 20

No where near as powerful as the Tsar and his Okhrana