Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biological Psy. > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Mental illness results from the combo of…

A

biological predisposition and experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

feel sad and helpless every day for weeks at a time

A

Major Depressive Disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Major Depressive Disorder characteristics according to the DSM-IV

A

little energy, feelings of worthlessness, suicidal thoughts, feelings of hopelessness, difficulty sleeping, difficulty concentrating, little pleasure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

showed that for ppl w/2 short forms of the genes, increasing # of stressful experiences led to big increase in probability of depression

A

Caspi et al. study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

viral infection of farm animals, which produces periods of frantic activity alternating with periods of inactivity

A

Borna disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

depression after giving birth

A

postpartum depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

4 major categories of antidepressants

A

tricyclics.
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
MAOIs.
Atypical antidepressants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Operate by blocking transporter proteins that reabsorb serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine into the presynaptic neuron after their release

A

Tricyclics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Result of tricyclics

A

prolongs effects of the drug in postsynaptic neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Also block histamine receptors, acetylcholine receptors, and certain sodium channels

A

Tricyclics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  • Block reuptake of serotonin – prolongs presence of serotonin in the presynaptic cleft, where it continues to stimulate the postsynaptic cell
A

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

similar to tricyclics but to serotonin only

A

SSRIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

 Block reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin

A

Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • Block the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO), a presynaptic terminal enzyme that metabolizes catecholamines and serotonin into inactive forms
A

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

are usually prescribed when tricylcics or SSRIs do not work

A

MAOIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

miscellaneous group containing everything other than the other three types (w/antidepressant effects and mild side effects)

A

Atypical antidepressants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

inhibits reuptake of dopamine and to some extent norepinephrine but not serotonin

A

bupropion (wellbutrin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

an herb; Marketed as nutritional supplement and not regulated by U.S. Food and Drug Administration

A

St John’s wort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

o Has potentially dangerous side effect – increases the effectiveness of a liver enzyme that breaks down plant toxins, but enzyme also breaks down most medicines

A

St John’s wort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Is depression due simply to having too little of the neurotransmitters?

A

People with depression have approximately normal levels of release of neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

o Most people with depression have lower than average levels of brain-derived neurptrophic factor (BDNF). As a result they show

A

impaired learning, smaller than average hippocampus, generally increases BDNP production, smaller than avg production of hippocampal neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

long-term (almost life-long) condition of unhappy mood

A

dysthymia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

ECT

A

electrically induced seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

side effects of ECT

A

Memory loss, although if applied to only right hemisphere.

A high risk of relapsing into another episode of depression within a few months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

similar treatment to ECT; o Is another treatment for depression in which an intense magnetic field is applied to the scalp, to stimulate the neurons close to the brain’s surface

A

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

26
Q

people vary between normality and one pole – depression

A

Unipolar Depression

27
Q

people alternate between two poles – depression and its opposite, mania; very serious!

A

Bipolar Depression

28
Q

people have full-blown episodes of mania

A

Bipolar I Disorder

29
Q

people have milder manic phases (hypomania), which are characterized mostly by agitation or anxiety

A

Bipolar II Disorder

30
Q

Most ppl w/bipolar disorder have

A

attention deficits.
poor impulse control.
impairments of verbal memory.

31
Q

Treatments for Bipolar

A

Lithium and Drugs

32
Q

a salt that stabilizes mood and prevents relapse in mania or depression

A

Lithium

33
Q

Drugs work by:

A

decreasing glutamate activity; o Blocking the synthesis of the brain chemical arachidonic acid, which is produced during brain inflammation

34
Q

Depression that recurs during a particular season (e.g., winter)

A

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

35
Q

SAD is most prevalent…

A

near the poles (b/c nights are long)

36
Q

Schizophrenia use to be called

A

dementia praecox

37
Q

schizophrenia

A

disorder of thought

38
Q

According to DSM- IV

A

Someone must have deteriorated in ability to function in everyday life, and by for at least 6 months, and must show at least two of the following, that are not attributable to other disorders

39
Q

introduced the term schizophrenia

A

Eugene Bleuler

40
Q

unfounded beliefs

A

delusions

41
Q

false sensory experiences (e.g., hearing voices)

A

Hallucinations

42
Q

behaviors that are present that should be absent

A

positive symptoms

43
Q

o Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, and disorganized behavior

A

positive symptoms

44
Q

behaviors that are absent that should be present

A

negative symptoms

45
Q

Weak or absent emotion, speech, and socialization

A

negative symptoms

46
Q

limitations of thought and reasoning that are common in schizophrenia

A

cognitive symptoms

47
Q

proposes that disordered thoughts are primary problem

A

Andreason

48
Q

why is Schizophrenia is somewhat more common among children of older fathers

A

probability of mutations on sperm over time increases

49
Q

Risk factors that increase likelihood of schizophrenia

A

poor nutrition of mother during pregnancy, premature birth, low birth weight, complications during delivery, exposure of mother to extreme stress early in pregnancy, head injuries in early childhood

50
Q

tendency for people born in the winter to have slightly (5% - 8%) greater risk of developing schizophrenia that people born at other times of the year

A

season of birth effect

51
Q

parasite from cats that can infect humans and can impair brain development and lead to memory disorder, hallucinations, and delusions

A

toxoplasma gondi

52
Q

discovered in 1950s; relieves positive symptoms for most patients

A

chlorpromazine (thorazine)

53
Q

drugs that tend to relieve schizophrenia and similar conditions

A

Antipsychotic or neuroleptic drugs

54
Q

each of these drugs blocks dopamine receptors

A

phenothiazines and butyrophenones

55
Q

holds that schizophrenia results from excess activity at dopamine synapses in certain brain areas

A

the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia

56
Q

characterized by hallucinations and delusions – results from repeated doses of amphetamine, methamphetamine, cocaine, and LSD

A

Substance induced psychotic disorder

57
Q

the problem relates in part to deficient activity at glutamate synapses, especially in prefrontal cortex

A

glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia

58
Q

aka angel dust

A

phencyclidine or PCP

59
Q

characterized by tremors and other involuntary movements

A

tardive dyskinesia

60
Q

(aka atypical antipsychotics) alleviate schizophrenia without producing movement problems

A

Second- generation antipsychotics

Biological Psy. (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions