Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biological Psy. > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

emotion is typically defined in terms of 3 components:

A

cognitions, feelings, actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

first we feel an emotion, which then changes our heart rate and prompts other responses

A

common sense view

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

autonomic arousal and skeletal actions come first

A

James-Lange theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Theory leads to two predictions:

A
  1. People with weak autonomic or skeletal responses should feel less emotion
  2. Causing or increasing someone’s responses should enhance an emotion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

output from the autonomic nervous system to the body fails completely or almost completely

A

pure autonomic failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

marked by extreme sympathetic nervous system arousal

A

panic attack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

people are unable to move their facial muscles to make a smile

A

Mobius syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the forebrain areas surrounding the thalamus

A

the limbic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

primary taste cortex

A

the insula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Activity of left hemisphere relates to the __________

A

Behavioral Activation System (BAS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Increased activity of right hemisphere (frontal and temporal lobes) associated with the ____________

A

Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

patients had one hemisphere at a time anesthetized (the Wada procedure)

A

Ross et al. study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

showed that people who are good at detecting their autonomic responses may have valid gut feelings about dangers that they cannot identify consciously

A

Katkin et al., study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Provide useful guide when we need to make a quick decision

A

Gut feeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the amount that neurons release and replace – estimated by measuring metabolites in body fluids

A

turnover

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

amino acid found in small amounts in proteins

A

serotonin synthesized from tryptophan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

response to an unexpected loud noise

A

The startle reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

protozoan that infects many mammals but only reproduces in cats

A

Toxoplasma gondi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

effect of amygdala damage in monkeys and described in early 1900s

A

Kluver-Bucy syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

rare genetic disorder that causes calcium to build up into the amygdala until it wastes away

A

urbach-wiethe disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

the main inhibitory transmitter is GABA

A

decreases anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Damage to the amygdala interfers with:

A

o The learning of fear responses
o Retention of fear responses previously learned
o Interpreting or understanding stimuli w/emotional consequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

has behavioral effects similar to those of bezodiazopines

A

ethyl alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

defined stress as the nonspecific response of the body to any demand made upon it

A

(HANS) selye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
a generalized response to stress
generalized adaptation syndrome
26
characterized by increased activity of sympathetic nervous system, readying body for brief emergency activity
alarm
27
as sympathetic response declines, adrenal cortex secretes cortisol and other hormones that enable the body to maintain prolonged alertness, fight infections, and heal wounds
resistance
28
third stage in which individual it tired, inactive, and vulnerable because nervous system and immune systems no longer have the energy to sustain their heightened responses
exhaustation
29
stress defined as “events that are interpreted as threatening to the individual and which elicit physiological and behavioral responses”
McEwen
30
The sympathetic nervous system
"fight or flight"
31
– the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal cortex
The HPA axis
32
enhances metabolic activity and elevates blood levels of sugar and other nutrients
cortisol
33
when the immune system attacks normal cells
autoimmune disease
34
white blood cells – the most important elements of the immune system
Leukocytes
35
mature mostly in bone marrow and secrete antibodies
B cells
36
Y-shaped proteins that attach to particular kinds of antigens
Antibodies
37
surface proteins that are antibody generator molecules
Antigens
38
attack intruders directly and some help other T cells or B cells to multiply
T cells
39
mature in the thymus gland
T cells
40
attack tumor cells and cells that are infected with viruses.
Natural Killer Cells
41
small proteins produced by leukocytes and other cells in response to infection
Cytokines
42
additional chemicals produced by immune system that promote sleepiness
Prostaglandins
43
study of relationship between nervous system and the immune system
Psychoneuroimmunology
44
prolonged increase of cortisol directs energy toward increasing metabolism and therefore detracts energy from synthesizing proteins (including proteins of immune system)
prolonged stress response
45
ways to combat stress
``` special breathing routines. exercise. meditation. distaction. dealing w/the problem. ```
46
fight or flight; brief vigoursu
sympathetic branch
47
slows you down; increases your digestive; other processes that save energy to prepare you for later events Wouldn’t last very long without this
parasympathetic branch
48
Increases attention and arousal, inhibits action, and stimulates emotions such as fear and disgust
Behavioral Inhibition System
49
can characterize either happiness or anger
Behavioral activation system
50
Strack et al.'s study
Most ppl rate cartoons funnier when holding a pen w/their teeth- which forces a smile-than when holding it in their lips. That is the sensation of smiling increases happiness although only slightly; telling a depressed person to so cheer up and smile, doesn't help.
51
damage to the right temporal cortex
causes problems in the ability to ID emotions of others
52
Damage to the left hemisphere makes it_____
better at detecting other's emotions
53
what good do emotions do?
allow us to make quick decisions and help us make moral decisions
54
Damasio’s patient with prefrontal cortex
expressed almost no emotions; nothing angered him; he was never very sad, even about his own brain damage
55
damage to the prefrontal cortex
impairs decision making
56
Monozygotic twins
resembled each other much more in regard to violent/criminal behavior
57
violence depends on other chemicals besides testosteron, notably cortisol and serotonin
triple imbalance hypothesis
58
Most Commonly used anti-anxiety drugs
Diazepam (valium) Chlordiazepodide (librium) Alprazolam (xanax)
59
does amygdala damage destroy fear
IMPAIRS LEARNING OF NEW RESPONSES; DOESN’T DESTROY FEAR
60
responds more strongly to a gaze directed toward the viewer
anger
61
responds more strongly to a gaze directed elsewhere
fear
62
damage to the amygdala impairs
the processing of emotional
63
Patient S.M.
experiences fearlessness that’s dangerous to her: robberies at gunpoint, physical assaults, no inhibition when strangers approach
64
Benzodiazepines
most commonly used anti-anxiety drugs
65
Benzodiazepines
most commonly used anti-anxiety drugs
66
types of leukocytes
B cells
67
Prolonged increases in cortisol
too much makes your memory bad
68
AKA operant conditioning
instrumental conditioning
69
AKA operant conditioning
instrumental conditioning
70
Results from lashley making deep cuts at varying locations in rat's cerebral cortices
found that learning and memory didn't depend entirely on connections across the cortex
71
Results from lashley making deep cuts at varying locations in rat's cerebral cortices
found that learning and memory didn't depend entirely on connections across the cortex
72
fade quickly unless rehearsed
short-term memory
73
can be recalled w/o rehearsal
long term memory
74
can be recalled w/o rehearsal
long term memory
75
the way we store info while we're working w/it
working memory (WM)
76
the way we store info while we're working w/it
working memory (WM)
77
ability to recall single personal events
episodic memory
78
ability to develop motor skills (remembering or learning how to do things)
procedural memory
79
ability to state a memory into words
declarative memory

Biological Psy. (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions