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Biological Psy. > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Lateralization

A

Division of labor between 2 hemispheres

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2
Q

connected to skin receptors and muscles mainly on right side of body

A

left hemisphere of cerebral cortex

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3
Q

specialized for language

A

left hemisphere

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4
Q

each hemisphere gets info from both ears, but slightly stronger info from contralateral ear than from ipsilateral ear

A

auditory info

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5
Q

each hemisphere gets taste info from its own side of the tongue and smell info from the nostril on its own side (ipsilateral connections)

A

taste & smell are uncrossed

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6
Q

set of axons thru which left & right hemispheres exchange info

A

corpus callosum

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7
Q

2 hemispheres aren’t mirror aren’t mirror images of each other

A

labor is divided to some extent

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8
Q

what is visible at any moment

A

visual field

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9
Q

left half of each reina connects to left hemisphere

A

sees right visual field

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10
Q

right half of each retina connects to right hemisphere

A

sees left visual field

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11
Q

junction in brain where these axons cross

A

optic chiasm

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12
Q

auditory system; each ear sends info to both sides of brain

A

organized differently

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13
Q

damage to corpus callosum

A

prevents the 2 hemispheres from exchanging info

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14
Q

block sodium flow across the membrane or enhance effects of GABA

A

antiepileptic drugs

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15
Q

ppl who have undergone surgery to corpus callosum

A

split-brain ppl

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16
Q

Roger Sperry’s studies

A

split-brain person stares straight ahead at screen- experimenter flashes words or pics on either side of the screen

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17
Q

revealed subtle behavioral differences for split brain ppl; b/c the left side of the brain is dominant for language in most ppl…

A

roger sperry

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18
Q

show split brain person object in left visual field

A

usually can’t name or describe it

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19
Q

advantage in having just one hemisphere control speech?

A

yes; some ppl have languages in both hemispheres- they end up stuttering thou; only one hemisphere means no competition

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20
Q

prevents it from interfering w/right hemisphere

A

damage to left hemisphere

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21
Q

ppl w/damage in parts of right hemisphere

A

speak in monotone voice; don’t understand other ppl’s emotional expression; usually fail to understand humor and sarcasm

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22
Q

dominant for recognizing emotions in others

A

right hemisphere

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23
Q

better at comprehending spatial relationships

A

right hemisphere

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24
Q

focus more on visual details

A

left hemisphere

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25
Q

right hemisphere does better than the left at recognizing whether two photographs show same or different emotions

A

split-brain person

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26
Q

larger in the left hemisphere for 65% of ppl

A

planum temporale

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27
Q

connects anterior parts of cerebral cortex

A

anterior commissure

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28
Q

connects left & right hippocampi

A

hippocampal commissure

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29
Q

the ability to produce new signals to represent new ideas

A

productivity

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30
Q

major spokesperson for psy; psy linguist by nature

A

Steven Pinker

31
Q

Language is crown jewel of cognition

A

Steven Pinker

32
Q

Is the use of symbols really language?

A

Chimps seldom used language in new, original combinations;Chimps used their symbols mainly to request, seldom to describe; Did show indications of at least moderate understanding

33
Q

Irene Pepperberg and Alex

A

(African Gray Parrot)- 1st to argue that parrots can use sounds meaningfully

34
Q

Simplest View:

A

language developed as accidental by-product of intelligence

35
Q

• First problem with this view:

A

Not all people with full-sized sized brains have normal language

36
Q

second problem

A

Williams syndrome

37
Q

caused by deletion of several genes from chromosome 7

A

williams syndrome

38
Q

williams syndrome

A
  • Many people with syndrome speak grammatically and fluently

- Are poor at tasks related to numbers, visuospatial skills, and spatial perception

39
Q

Proposed that humans have a language acquisition device

A

chomsky and pinker

40
Q

most researchers agree-

A

humans have specially evolved something that enables them to learn language easily

41
Q

Language impairment

A

aphasia

42
Q

Tan was the name of this patient b/c it was the only word he would/could say

A

Paul Broca

43
Q

damage limited to broca’s area

A

produces only minor or brief language impairment

44
Q

brain damage that results in impaired language production (regardless of exact location of damage)

A

Broca’s aphasia (nonfluent aphasia)

45
Q

Found that damage in part of the left temporal cortex produced a different kind of langugage impairment

A

carl wenicke

46
Q

results from damage in and around wernicke’s area

A

wernicke’s aphasia

47
Q

aka fluent aphasia

A

wernicke’s aphasia

48
Q

b/c the person can still speak smoothly

A

fluent aphasia

49
Q

typical characteristics of wernicke’s aphasia

A

articulate speech; difficulty finding the right word; poor language comprehension

50
Q

difficulty recalling the names of objects

A

anomia

51
Q
  • Specific impairment in reading in someone with adequate vision and adequate skills in other academic areas
A

dyslexia

52
Q

linked to at least 4 genes that produce deficits in hearing or cogniton

A

dyslexia

53
Q

have trouble sounding out words and try to remember each word as a whole

A

dysphonetic dyslexics

54
Q

sound out words ok, but fail to recognize a word as a whole;

A

dyseidetic dyslexics

55
Q

read slowly and have particular trouble w/irregularly spelled words

A

dyseidetic dyslexics

56
Q

a brief visual stimulus preceded and followed by longer interfering stimuli

A

masking

57
Q

just the later stimulus is presented

A

Backward masking

58
Q

being conscious of a stimulus depends on the amount of brain activity – its information has taken over more of your brain’s activity

A

Implication

59
Q

slow and gradual shifts in perception from one eye to the other

A

binocular rivalry

60
Q

if you see a dot in one position, alternating with a similar dot nearby, it will seem to you that the dot is moving back and forth

A

the Phi Phenomenon

61
Q

closely aligned w/consciousness

A

attention

62
Q

If you observe a complex scene, and something in it changes slowly, or changes while you blink your eyes, there is a good chance you will not notice it

A

inattentional blindness

63
Q

inattentional blindness aka….

A

change blindness

64
Q

reaction to a stimulus

A

bottom up attention

65
Q

Ex: a deer runs past you in the park, grabbing your attention

A

bottom up attention

66
Q

intentional and controlled

A

top down attention

67
Q

ex: stroop effect

A

top down attention

68
Q

the finding that the ability to name an ink color in which a word is printed is inhibited if that word happens to name a conflicting color

A

stroop effect

69
Q

a tendency for many people with damage to parts of the right hemisphere to ignore the left side of the body or the left side of objects

A

spatial neglect

70
Q

often associated w/damage to the right hemisphere of the brain

A

spatial neglect

71
Q

spatial neglect aka…

A

inattention

72
Q

main problem w/neglect

A

is attention, not impaired sensation

73
Q

Several procedures can increase attention to the neglected side

A

Simply tell person to pay attention to the neglected stimulus.
Have person look left while feeling an object with the left hand or hearing a sound from the left side of the world.
Have person cross one hand over the other in front of the body

Biological Psy. (21 decks)

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