chapter 13 part 1 Flashcards
activator proteins bind regulatory sequences to ___________ transcription
stimulate
repressor proteins bind other sequences to __________ transcription
hinder
difference of cis elements in simple and complex euk
- simple: single binding sites, located close to 5’ end
- complex: multiple binding sites, located at varied distances
3 regulatory DNA sequences
- core promoter region
- proximal elements
- enhancer/silencer sequences
where is the TATA box
core promoter region
what does the core promoter region bind
RNA polymerase II and its associated general transcription factors
where are proximal elements located
upstream of the core promoter region
where do enhancer/silencer sequences act from
greater distances from the core promoter
- upstream, downstream, close to, very far, or within the genes they regulate
all 3 regulatory regions are ______-acting regulatory sequences
cis
RNA pol II and various GTFs are _______-acting regulatory proteins
trans
enhanceosomes
aggregations of multiple proteins that form at enhancers
what do enhanceosomes direct
DNA bending/loop formation
what does DNA bending/loop formation allow
enhance-some proteins to interact with RNA polymerase and transcription factors at the core promoter and proximal promoter elements
enhancer activity typically helps control what?
timing and location of gene transcription
enhancers and silencers both contain what?
binding sites (modules) for several transcription factors
