chapter 1 Flashcards
(32 cards)
genetic drift
change of allele frequencies in a small, isolated population due to random chance
what kind of protein will have the highest electrophoretic mobility
short proteins with a net negative charge
Southern blot
used to identify homologous gene sequences between different species, identification of gene
northern blot
used to confirm whether that gene is being transcribed
western blot
identify translated proteins
migration (gene flow)
describes how movement of individuals can alter the allele frequencies within a population
natural selection
evolutionary processes by which some members of a population possess traits that make them better adapted to their environment, and these ind. will reproduce and leave more offspring than members who are not as well-suited
mutation
process of acquiring new variations through changes in the DNA sequence of genes or regulatory sequences
who proposed the germ plasm theory
August Weismann
what kind of molecular probe is used when performing a southern blot
single-stranded DNA
what would a western blot use to detect the presence of a specific protein sequence
antibody
if you have identified a gene in modern humans and want to determine if the other early human lineage had a homologous gene, which type of blot would you use?
southern
are promoters, introns, and exons all transcribed into mRNA?
- exons - yes
- introns and promoters: no
transcriptomics and cancer
looks specifically at RNAs that are being transcribed in a cell, so changes in expression levels can be detected in cancer cells
genomics and cancer
allow for identification of alleles responsible for hereditary diseases such as cancer
proteomics and cancer
would look for presence of specific proteins within a cell
metabolomics and cancer
would look at metabolic pathways potentially affected by mutations in cancer cells of RNA
allele
specific form of a gene or genetic locus
gene
genetic locus that contains all the information required for transcription of a specific RNA
- physical unit of heredity
chromosome
single DNA molecule and associated proteins that contain some/all of genetic information of an organism
antiparallel
- one strand of DNA oriented 5’ to 3’
- other oriented 3’ to 5’
strand polarity
phosphate group at 5’-end of DNA and hydroxyl group at 3’-end of DNA
mutation hw
slow addition of allelic variation that increases hereditary diversity of population
natural selection hw
results from different reproductive rates of members of a species owing to possession of different forms of adaptive character
