chapter 1

Question 1

genetic drift

Answer 1

change of allele frequencies in a small, isolated population due to random chance

Question 2

what kind of protein will have the highest electrophoretic mobility

Answer 2

short proteins with a net negative charge

Question 3

Southern blot

Answer 3

used to identify homologous gene sequences between different species, identification of gene

Question 4

northern blot

Answer 4

used to confirm whether that gene is being transcribed

Question 5

western blot

Answer 5

identify translated proteins

Question 6

migration (gene flow)

Answer 6

describes how movement of individuals can alter the allele frequencies within a population

Question 7

natural selection

Answer 7

evolutionary processes by which some members of a population possess traits that make them better adapted to their environment, and these ind. will reproduce and leave more offspring than members who are not as well-suited

Question 8

mutation

Answer 8

process of acquiring new variations through changes in the DNA sequence of genes or regulatory sequences

Question 9

who proposed the germ plasm theory

Answer 9

August Weismann

Question 10

what kind of molecular probe is used when performing a southern blot

Answer 10

single-stranded DNA

Question 11

what would a western blot use to detect the presence of a specific protein sequence

Answer 11

antibody

Question 12

if you have identified a gene in modern humans and want to determine if the other early human lineage had a homologous gene, which type of blot would you use?

Answer 12

southern

Question 13

are promoters, introns, and exons all transcribed into mRNA?

Answer 13

• exons - yes
• introns and promoters: no

Question 14

transcriptomics and cancer

Answer 14

looks specifically at RNAs that are being transcribed in a cell, so changes in expression levels can be detected in cancer cells

Question 15

genomics and cancer

Answer 15

allow for identification of alleles responsible for hereditary diseases such as cancer

Question 16

proteomics and cancer

Answer 16

would look for presence of specific proteins within a cell

Question 17

metabolomics and cancer

Answer 17

would look at metabolic pathways potentially affected by mutations in cancer cells of RNA

Question 18

allele

Answer 18

specific form of a gene or genetic locus

Question 19

gene

Answer 19

genetic locus that contains all the information required for transcription of a specific RNA
- physical unit of heredity

Question 20

chromosome

Answer 20

single DNA molecule and associated proteins that contain some/all of genetic information of an organism

Question 21

antiparallel

Answer 21

• one strand of DNA oriented 5’ to 3’
• other oriented 3’ to 5’

Question 22

strand polarity

Answer 22

phosphate group at 5’-end of DNA and hydroxyl group at 3’-end of DNA

Question 23

mutation hw

Answer 23

slow addition of allelic variation that increases hereditary diversity of population

Question 24

natural selection hw

Answer 24

results from different reproductive rates of members of a species owing to possession of different forms of adaptive character

Question 25

flow of hereditary information

Answer 25

central dogma of biology

Question 26

evolutionary theory supported by genetics and experimental data from molecular biology

Answer 26

modern synthesis of evolution

Question 27

genetic constitution of an organism

Answer 27

genotype

Question 28

sum of observable traits in an organism

Answer 28

phenotype

Question 29

gel matrix acts as a ___________ that retards _________ molecules more than ____________ ones

Answer 29

sieve, larger, smaller

Question 30

information contained in DNA

Answer 30

genome

Question 31

all RNA produced by transcription of DNA

Answer 31

transcriptome

Question 32

all protein produced by translation of mRNA

Answer 32

proteome