chapter 13- motivation Flashcards
higher-order needs
esteem and self-actualization needs in maslow’s hierarchy
need
an unfulfilled physiological or psychological desire
satisfier factor
a measure of job satisfaction that is found in job content, such as a sense of achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement or personal growth
need for affiliation
the desire to establish and maintain good relations w people
law or effect
a motivational theory that states that behavior followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated; behavior followed by unpleasant consequences is not
perceived negative inequity
discomfort felt over being harmed by unfair treatment
related needs
desires for satisfying interpersonal relationships
existence needs
desires for physiological and material well-being
lower-order needs
physiological, safety and social needs in maslow’s hierarchy
job enrichment
increases job content by adding work planning and evaluating duties normally performed by the supervisor
extinction
discouraging a behavior by making the removal of a desirable consequence contingent on its occurrence
need for power
the desire to control, influence or be responsible for other people
valence
the value a person assigns to work-related outcomes
punishment
discouraging a behavior by making an unpleasant consequence contingent on its occurrence
expectancy
a person’s belief that working hard will result in high task performance
positive reinforcement
strengthening a behavior by making a desirable consequence contingent on its occurence
self-efficacy
a person’s belief that they are capable of performing a task
job design
the allocation of specific work tasks to individual and groups
hygiene factor
a measure of job satisfaction that is found in the job context, such as working conditions, interpersonal relations, organizational policies and salary
perceived positive inequity
discomfort felt over benefiting from unfair treatment
growth needs
desires for continued psychological growth and development
law of contingent reinforcement
deliver the reward only when desired behavior occurs
shaping
positive reinforcement of successive approximations to the desired behavior
law of immediate reinforcement
deliver the reward as soon as possible after the desired behavior occurs
motivation
the level, direction and persistence of effort expanded at work
operant conditioning
the control of behavior by manipulating its consequences
negative reinforcement
strengthening a behavior by making the avoidance of an undesirable consequence contingent on its occurrence
need for achievement
the desire to do something better, to solve problems or to master complex tasks
instrumentality
a person’s belief that various outcomes will occur as a result of task performance
