Chapter 12: Posture, Movement, and Performance Assessments Flashcards
The positioning of the musculoskeletal system while the body is motionless
Static posture
Alignment of the body while in motion
Dynamic posture
Moving in a biomechanically efficient manner that maximizes muscle recruitment and minimizes risk of injury
Optimal movement
Abnormal movement patterns that can indicate possible muscle imbalances or mobility limitation
Movement impairments
An assessment of a client’s movement patterns and postural alignment during movement or activity; also known as a dynamic postural assessment
Movement assessment
When muscles on each side of a joint have altered length-tension relationships
Muscle imbalance
Optimal flexibility and joint range of motion; ability to move freely
Mobility
Assessments used to measure overall strength, muscular endurance, power, and agility
Performance assessment
Collapsed arch of the foot; also known as flat feet
Pes planus
When elevated neural drive causes a muscle to be held in a chronic state of contraction
Overactive
When a muscle is experiencing neural inhibition and limited neuromuscular recruitment
Underactive
An assessment that provides insight to deviations from optimal alignment of the body in a standing posture
Static postural assessment
On the front of the body
Anterior
On the back of the body
Posterior
The five areas of the body that are monitored during movement assessments and exercise: foot/ankle, knees, lumbo-pelvic-hip complex, shoulders and head
Kinetic chain checkpoints
An excessive forward rotation of the pelvis that results in greater lumbar lordosis
Anterior pelvic tilt
Knees collapse inward (knock knees) due to hip[ adduction and internal rotation; also known as medial knee displacement and genu valgum
Knee valgus
Knees bow outward (bowlegged); also known as genu varum
Knee varus
Postural syndrome characterized by flat feet, knee valgus, and adducted and internally rotated hips
Pes planus distortion syndrome
Postural syndrome characterized by anterior pelvic tilt and excessive lordosis of the lumbar spine
Lower crossed syndrome
The normal curvature of the cervical and lumbar spine regions, creating a concave portion of the spine
Lordotic/Lordosis
Postural syndrome characterized by a forward head and protracted shoulders
Upper crossed syndrome
A movement assessment designed to assess dynamic posture, core stability, and neuromuscular control of the whole body during a squatting motion
Overhead squat assessment (OHSA)
A movement assessment that assesses dynamic posture, lower-extremity strength, balance, and overall coordination in a single limb stance
Single-leg assessment
An assessment that challenges the upper extremities and trunk during a pushing movement to identify movement impairments and potential muscle imbalances
Pushing assessment
An assessment that challenges the upper extremities and trunk during a pulling movement to identify movement impairments and potential muscle imbalances
Pulling assessment
A performance assessment that measures muscular endurance of the upper extremities during a pushing movement
Push-up test
A performance assessment designed to estimate the one-repetition maximum of the bench press exercise
Bench press strength assessment
A performance assessment designed to estimate the one-repetition maximum of the squat exercise
Squat strength assessment
A performance assessment designed to test maximal jump height and lower extremity power
Vertical jump assessment
A performance assessment designed to test maximal jump distance and lower extremity power
Long jump assessment
A performance assessment designed to test lateral speed and agility
Lower extremity functional test- (LEFT)
A performance assessment designed to test reaction capabilities, acceleration, and maximal speed
40-yard dash assessment
A performance assessment designed to test lateral acceleration, deceleration, agility, and control
Pro shuttle (5-10-5) assessment
Lying facedown
Prone
Lying faceup
Supine
