Chapter 12: Posture, Movement, and Performance Assessments

Question 1

The positioning of the musculoskeletal system while the body is motionless

Answer 1

Static posture

Question 2

Alignment of the body while in motion

Answer 2

Dynamic posture

Question 3

Moving in a biomechanically efficient manner that maximizes muscle recruitment and minimizes risk of injury

Answer 3

Optimal movement

Question 4

Abnormal movement patterns that can indicate possible muscle imbalances or mobility limitation

Answer 4

Movement impairments

Question 5

An assessment of a client’s movement patterns and postural alignment during movement or activity; also known as a dynamic postural assessment

Answer 5

Movement assessment

Question 6

When muscles on each side of a joint have altered length-tension relationships

Answer 6

Muscle imbalance

Question 7

Optimal flexibility and joint range of motion; ability to move freely

Answer 7

Mobility

Question 8

Assessments used to measure overall strength, muscular endurance, power, and agility

Answer 8

Performance assessment

Question 9

Collapsed arch of the foot; also known as flat feet

Answer 9

Pes planus

Question 10

When elevated neural drive causes a muscle to be held in a chronic state of contraction

Answer 10

Overactive

Question 11

When a muscle is experiencing neural inhibition and limited neuromuscular recruitment

Answer 11

Underactive

Question 12

An assessment that provides insight to deviations from optimal alignment of the body in a standing posture

Answer 12

Static postural assessment

Question 13

On the front of the body

Answer 13

Anterior

Question 14

On the back of the body

Answer 14

Posterior

Question 15

The five areas of the body that are monitored during movement assessments and exercise: foot/ankle, knees, lumbo-pelvic-hip complex, shoulders and head

Answer 15

Kinetic chain checkpoints

Question 16

An excessive forward rotation of the pelvis that results in greater lumbar lordosis

Answer 16

Anterior pelvic tilt

Question 17

Knees collapse inward (knock knees) due to hip[ adduction and internal rotation; also known as medial knee displacement and genu valgum

Answer 17

Knee valgus

Question 18

Knees bow outward (bowlegged); also known as genu varum

Answer 18

Knee varus

Question 19

Postural syndrome characterized by flat feet, knee valgus, and adducted and internally rotated hips

Answer 19

Pes planus distortion syndrome

Question 20

Postural syndrome characterized by anterior pelvic tilt and excessive lordosis of the lumbar spine

Answer 20

Lower crossed syndrome

Question 21

The normal curvature of the cervical and lumbar spine regions, creating a concave portion of the spine

Answer 21

Lordotic/Lordosis

Question 22

Postural syndrome characterized by a forward head and protracted shoulders

Answer 22

Upper crossed syndrome

Question 23

A movement assessment designed to assess dynamic posture, core stability, and neuromuscular control of the whole body during a squatting motion

Answer 23

Overhead squat assessment (OHSA)

Question 24

A movement assessment that assesses dynamic posture, lower-extremity strength, balance, and overall coordination in a single limb stance

Answer 24

Single-leg assessment

Question 25

An assessment that challenges the upper extremities and trunk during a pushing movement to identify movement impairments and potential muscle imbalances

Answer 25

Pushing assessment

Question 26

An assessment that challenges the upper extremities and trunk during a pulling movement to identify movement impairments and potential muscle imbalances

Answer 26

Pulling assessment

Question 27

A performance assessment that measures muscular endurance of the upper extremities during a pushing movement

Answer 27

Push-up test

Question 28

A performance assessment designed to estimate the one-repetition maximum of the bench press exercise

Answer 28

Bench press strength assessment

Question 29

A performance assessment designed to estimate the one-repetition maximum of the squat exercise

Answer 29

Squat strength assessment

Question 30

A performance assessment designed to test maximal jump height and lower extremity power

Answer 30

Vertical jump assessment

Question 31

A performance assessment designed to test maximal jump distance and lower extremity power

Answer 31

Long jump assessment

Question 32

A performance assessment designed to test lateral speed and agility

Answer 32

Lower extremity functional test- (LEFT)

Question 33

A performance assessment designed to test reaction capabilities, acceleration, and maximal speed

Answer 33

40-yard dash assessment

Question 34

A performance assessment designed to test lateral acceleration, deceleration, agility, and control

Answer 34

Pro shuttle (5-10-5) assessment

Question 35

Lying facedown

Answer 35

Prone

Question 36

Lying faceup

Answer 36

Supine