Chapter 11: Health, Wellness, and Performance assessments Flashcards
A state or a risk of death or dying
Mortality
The state of having a disease
Morbidity
An exercise training method defined by intervals or near-maximal intensity broken up by relatively short rest periods
High-intensity interval training (HIIT)
A state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and a lack of core and joint stability
Deconditioned
A screening tool used to evaluate the benefits and the risks associated with starting any type of exercise that is strenuous in nature
Health Risk Assessment (HRA)
A specific situation where a medication, procedure, or exercise should be avoided because it may prove to be harmful to the individual
Contraindiction
A detailed questionnaire designed to assess and individual’s physical readiness to engage in structured exercise
Physical activity readiness questionnaire (PAR-Q+)
A screening where the results of the health risk assessment might indicate a need for medical clearance, when one is in fact not needed
False-positive screenings
A questionnaire with lists that pertain to health history and habits, such as exercise history, eating behaviors, and general lifestyle
Health history questionnaire (HHQ)
The number of heart beats per minute while at complete rest
Resting heart rate (RHR)
The physiological process by which the body maintains a relatively constant internal body temperature, including events like sweating to cool the body and shivering to warm the body
Thermoregulation
The action of expanding the diameter of a blood vessel near the surface of the skin, which helps remove heat from the body
Peripheral vasodilation
The measurement of the number of times a heart beats within a specified time period (usually 1 minute)
Heart rate (HR)
The outward pressure exerted by the blood on the vessel walls; reported as systolic/diastolic
Blood pressure (BP)
The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when the heart is contracting; the first (top) number recorded
Systolic blood pressure (SBP)
The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when heart is at rest or between beats; the second (bottom) number recorded
Diastolic blood pressure (DBP)
The system of arteries carrying blood away from the heart
Arterial system
The primary artery of the upper arm, which is often used as a site for measuring blood pressure
Brachial artery
The field of study of the measurement of living humans for purposes of understanding human physical variation in size, weight, and proportion
Anthropometry
The measurement of a person’s weight relative to his or her height, which is used to estimate the risks of obesity
Body mass index (BMI)
The measurement that determines the overall dimension (girth) of a body segment, which can be used to estimate body composition or the prevalence of obesity
Circumference measurement
A measurement that represents the narrowest circumference taken around the midline of the body at the approximate height of the umbilicus (belly button)
Waist circumference
The relative score expressing the ratio of the waist circumference to the hip circumference, which correlates to the risk for developing cardiovascular disease
Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)
The area where the fold of the buttocks joins the back of the thigh
Gluteal fold
A technique used to estimate body fat in which calipers are used to pinch the skin in certain areas of the body
Skinfold measurements
Measures the thickness of the skinfolds at seven different places within the body to estimate body fat percentage
Jackson and Pollock 7-site protocol
Measures the thickness of skinfolds at three different places within the body to estimate body fat percentage
Jackson and Pollock 3-site protocol
Measures the thickness of skinfolds at four different places (biceps, triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac) within the body to estimate body fat percentage
Four-site Durnin- Womersley protocol
A body composition assessment technique that estimates body fat percentage by measuring the resistance to the flow of electrical currents introduced into the body
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)
The assumption stating that the volume of fluid displaced is equivalent to the volume of an object fully immersed in that fluid or to the specific fraction of the volume below the surface
Archimedes’ Principle
The ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to provide the body with oxygen during activity
Cardiorespiratory fitness
Protocols intended to measure the aerobic fitness of an individual
Cardiorespiratory assessments
The part of the cell that uses nutrients to create energy for the cell; commonly known as the powerhouse of the cell
Mitochondria
An aerobic test that measures the cardiovascular fitness of an individual based on a 3-minute bout of stair-stepping at a specific cadence
YMCA 3-minute step test
The number of heartbeats measured after exercise ceases, which provides some indication of an individual’s fitness level (i.e. more conditioned people recover more rapidly)
Recovery heart rate (RHR)
An aerobic test for deconditioned individuals or those of low fitness levels in which they are instructed to walk as fast as possible and have their pulse taken immediately after completing 1 mile
Rockport walk test
An aerobic test that measures cardiorespiratory endurance by having the participant cover the distance of 1.5 miles in as short as time as possible
1.5-mile run test
An aerobic test that measures the participant’s ability to talk or hold a conversation during an activity at various intensity levels
Talk Test
The point at which the body uses an equal mix of carbohydrate and fat as fuel sources
Ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1)
Any stage at which the physiological response of heart rate from the cardiovascular system becomes relatively constant in relation to the amount of work being performed (i.e. the heart rate response matches the level of work being performed)
Steady-state (SS) heart rate
The point where glucose provides nearly all of the energy for the activity
Ventilatory threshold 2 (VT2)
Energy systems used to perform work in which glycogen is converted to glucose and oxygen is insufficient to break down pyruvate and create adenosine triphosphate
Anaerobic energy systems
