Chapter 1: the modern state of health and fitness

Question 1

A complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat; classified by a body mass index of 30 or greater

Answer 1

Obesity

Question 2

Study of movement as it relates to anatomy and physiology

Answer 2

Kinesiology

Question 3

A practice that relies on evidence for guidance and decision-making and includes developing individual expertise, staying current on the best sources of external evidence, and prioritizing client values and expectations

Answer 3

Evidence-based Practice

Question 4

The combined interworking system of all muscles and bones in the body

Answer 4

Musculoskeletal System

Question 5

A state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and a lack of core and joint stability

Answer 5

Deconditioned

Question 6

A body weight greater than what is considered within normal standards; a body mass index of 25.0-29.9

Answer 6

Overweight

Question 7

When muscles on each side of a joint have altered length-tension relationship

Answer 7

Muscle Imbalance

Question 8

The support provided by tissues surrounding a joint to maintain and provide control during movement

Answer 8

Joint Stability

Question 9

The social standing of a person or group that includes education, income, and occupation

Answer 9

Socioeconomic Status

Question 10

The state of having a disease

Answer 10

Morbidity

Question 11

A state or a risk of death or dying

Answer 11

Mortality

Question 12

The process by which the human body strives to maintain a relatively stable equilibrium

Answer 12

Homeostatsis

Question 13

Any attribute, characteristic, or exposure of an individual that increase the likelihood or developing a disease or injury

Answer 13

Risk Factor

Question 14

A waxy, fat-like substance found in bodily cells

Answer 14

Cholesterol

Question 15

A sudden lack of blood supply to the brain, caused by either a blockage in an artery or ruptured blood vessel

Answer 15

Stroke

Question 16

The action that occurs when an artery supplying the heart with blood and oxygen becomes blocked, medically known as a myocardial infarction

Answer 16

Heart Attack

Question 17

A condition that occurs when one or more heart valves do not function properly, causing shortness of breath and reduced oxygen supply to the body

Answer 17

Heart Valve Problem

Question 18

A problem with the rate or rhythm of a person’s heartbeat. The heart beats too quickly, too slowly, or with an irregular pattern

Answer 18

Arrhythmia

Question 19

A category of heart-related problems caused by the narrowing of coronary arteries, which supply blood and oxygen to the heart muscle

Answer 19

Ischemic Heart Disease

Question 20

The processes by which plaque is formed in arteries leading to reduced blood flow

Answer 20

Atherosclerosis

Question 21

Bodily movement that results in energy expenditure and encompasses many modes and intensities. Movement that is not structured exercise such as recreational pursuits (IE: golfing/yard work/gardening)

Answer 21

Physical Activity

Question 22

Consistently elevated blood pressure

Answer 22

Hypertension

Question 23

The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when the heart is contracting; the first (top) number recorded in blood pressure

Answer 23

Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)

Question 24

The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when heart is at rest or between beats; the second (bottom) number recorded in blood pressure

Answer 24

Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)

Question 25

Chronic metabolic disorder, caused by insulin deficiency, which impairs carbohydrate usage and enhances usage of fat and protein

Answer 25

Diabetes

Question 26

The simplest form of carbohydrate used by the body for energy

Answer 26

Glucose

Question 27

The inability of the cells to respond to insulin; occurs in type 2 diabetes

Answer 27

Insulin Resistance

Question 28

A group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body

Answer 28

Cancer

Question 29

A general term used to describe progressive lung diseases, including emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and refractory (nonreversible) asthma

Answer 29

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Question 30

A group of hormones secreted by the brain that provides a variety of physiological functions, such as reducing the perception of pain

Answer 30

Endorphins

Question 31

The type of muscle tissue that connects to bones and generates the forces that create movement

Answer 31

Skeletal Muscle

Question 32

A stretching or tearing of ligaments

Answer 32

Sprain

Question 33

An inflammation of the fibrous tissues (plantar fascia) along the bottom of the foot, which often results in intense heel pain

Answer 33

Plantar Fasciitis

Question 34

An injury or inflammation of the tendon that connects the patella (kneecap) to the tibia (shin bone)

Answer 34

Patellar Tendonitis

Question 35

A stretch, partial tear, or complete tear of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee

Answer 35

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Tear

Question 36

A stretch, partial tear, or complete tear of the medial collateral ligament of the knee

Answer 36

Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) Tear

Question 37

Shoulder pain caused by the rotator cuff tissues rubbing against the acromion bone in the shoulder

Answer 37

Shoulder Impingement Syndrome