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NASM - CPT > Chapter 10: Supplementation > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Supplementation Flashcards

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1
Q

A product (other than tobacco) intended to supplement the diet that bears or contains one or more of the following dietary ingredients: vitamins; mineral; herb or other botanical; amino acid; substance used by man to supplement the diet by increasing the total dietary intake; or concentrate, metabolite, constituent, extract, or combination of any previously described ingredient

A

Dietary supplement

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2
Q

Must be obtained in the diet, as the body is incapable of producing the nutrient on its own

A

Essential nutrient

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3
Q

When too much of a vitamin or mineral accumulates within the body, resulting in illness or other symptoms

A

Toxicity

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4
Q

The primary legislation of the US government regulating dietary supplements

A

Dietary supplement health and Education act of 1994

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5
Q

Describes the laws and regulations for dietary supplements, including how supplements are labeled, manufactured, and brought to or removed from market

A

Code of federal regulations

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6
Q

The greatest quantity of a vitamin or mineral that may be consumed in a day without risk of an adverse health effect

A

Tolerable upper limit

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7
Q

Any unfavorable medical occurrence associated with the use of a medication, medical intervention, or dietary supplement

A

Adverse effect

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8
Q

An agent that increases physiologic or metabolic activity. Common ones are caffeine and nicotine

A

Stimulant

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9
Q

Molecule made from amino acids and used as a dietary supplement to facilitate adenosine triphosphate regeneration for improved training capacity, strength, power and muscle mass

A

Creatine

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10
Q

A dietary supplement that may be prohibited from use in a specific sport, or sport league. These supplements may not be illegal or prohibited at all times during the year

A

Banned

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11
Q

Compound made from testosterone or another hormone that acts on hormone receptors to produce increases in muscle size or strength

A

Anabolic Steroid

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12
Q

A dietary supplement used to improve a component of well-being

A

Health supplement

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13
Q

A dietary supplement that may enhance performance or body composition; may also be referred to as an ergogenic acid

A

Performance supplement

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14
Q

Group of organic compounds required in small quantities in the diet to support growth and metabolic processes

A

Vitamins

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15
Q

Inorganic, natural substances, some of which are essential in human nutrition. There are two kinds of these; major and trace

A

Minerals

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16
Q

The form in which a vitamin must be to exert an effect within the body

A

Biologically active

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17
Q

Any form of vitamin that cannot exert its effect within the body

A

Biologically inactive

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18
Q

The red-orange pigment found in vegetables and fruits that is converted to vitamin A in the body

A

Beta-carotene

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19
Q

A sensitivity to lactose (milk sugar) typically resulting in gastrointestinal distress

A

Lactose intolerance

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20
Q

Gastrointestinal discomfort, sometimes severe, triggered by certain foods but is not a food allergy

A

Irritable bowel syndrome

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21
Q

A bone weakness disease caused by vitamin D deficiency

A

Rickets

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22
Q

A condition of reduced bone mineral density, which increases risk of bone fracture

A

Osteoporosis

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23
Q

Irregular heartbeat

A

Heart arrhythmias

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24
Q

An accumulation of blood cells prior to a clot

A

Platelet aggregationi

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25
Q

A weakened immune system

A

Immunodeficiency

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26
Q

Nerve damage not occurring in the brain or spinal cord

A

Peripheral neuropathy

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27
Q

Muscle degeneration

A

Skeletal myopathy

28
Q

A protein found in connective tissues, muscles, and skin that provides strength and structure. It is the most abundant protein in the human body

A

Collagen

29
Q

A disease resulting from insufficient vitamin C and characterized by spontaneous bleeding (usually of the gyms), anemia, swelling, weakened joints, and loss of teeth

A

Scurvy

30
Q

A thiamine deficiency that can result in inflammation or degeneration of the heart and nerves, peripheral neuropathy, and impaired motor function

A

Beriberi

31
Q

A niacin or tryptophan deficiency that leads to a skin rash (dermatitis), digestive disorders (diarrhea), and mood or cognitive decline (dementia).

A

Pellagra

32
Q

A loss of appetite or the conscious decision to avoid eating, often leading to dangerously low body weight and/or malnourishment

A

Anorexia

33
Q

A condition of poor iron status

A

Anemia

34
Q

Inflammation of the skin, rashes, excessive dryness, and/or blistering

A

Dermatitis

35
Q

A birth defect, and type of neural tube defect, when the spine and spinal cord do not form properly

A

Spina bifida

36
Q

Absence of menstration

A

Amenorrheic

37
Q

Lower than normal bone density and a precursor to osteoporosis

A

Osteopenia

38
Q

A vegetarian diet that also includes dairy and eggs

A

Lacto-ovo vegetarian

39
Q

A vegetarian diet that also includes eggs

A

Ovo-vegetarian

40
Q

Excess blood calcium levels

A

Hypercalcemia

41
Q

A type of iron found in animal foods

A

Heme

42
Q

A type of iron found in plant foods

A

Nonheme

43
Q

A disease in which the body absorbs too much iron from consumed foods

A

Hemochromatosis

44
Q

The polyunsaturated fats, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and alpha–linolenic acid (ALA)

A

Omega-3

45
Q

A type of omega-3 fatty acid found in the flesh of cold-water fish, such as tuna, mackerel, salmon, and herring

A

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)

46
Q

A type of omega-3 fatty acid that is found in seafood, such as fish and fish oils

A

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

47
Q

One type of omega-3 fatty acid found in seeds and oils, such as walnuts and flaxseed, and many common vegetable oils

A

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)

48
Q

The chemical or substrate form in which most fat exists in food as well as in the body

A

Triglycerides

49
Q

A dietary supplement that may enhance performance or body composition; it may also be referred to as a performance supplement

A

Ergogenic aid

50
Q

Organic building blocks of proteins containing both a carboxyl and an amino group

A

Amino acids

51
Q

Amino acids that can be synthesized by the body and do not, under normal circumstances, need to be obtained in the diet

A

Nonessential amino acids

52
Q

Amino acids that must be obtained through the diet as the body does not make it; there are nine essential amino acids

A

Essential amino acid (EAA)

53
Q

The three essential amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) that are abundant in skeletal muscle tissue and named for their branchlike structures

A

Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs)

54
Q

Process by which new muscle proteins are formed and a muscle grows or repairs at the molecular level

A

Muscle protein synthesis (MPS)

55
Q

High-energy molecule that releases energy when its bonds are broken

A

Phosphagen

56
Q

The most common, and likely most effective, form of creatine available as a dietary supplement

A

Creatine monohydrate

57
Q

Practice of using large doses of a supplement to saturate muscle tissues or other body stores prior to resorting to a lesser, maintenance dose

A

Loading

58
Q

Produced or synthesized within an organism

A

Endogenous

59
Q

Hormone, also known as epinephrine, that excites bodily processes, increasing alertness and cell metabolism

A

Adrenaline

60
Q

A highly concentrated caffeine powder made from the seeds and leaves of coffee plants

A

Caffeine anhydrous

61
Q

Dimethylamyulamine; a stimulant and amphetamine once legal for use as a dietary supplement

A

DMAA

62
Q

A plant-sourced alkaloid with metabolism-enhancing effects. It is an illegal supplement in the US and the European Union

A

Ephedra

63
Q

Any adverse effect that results in any life-threatening situation, inpatient hospitalization, persistent incapacity of a person’s ability to conduct a normal life, a congenital anomaly, reproductive harm, or death

A

Serious adverse effect

64
Q

A hormone used to create another hormone or hormone-like agent

A

Hormone precursor

65
Q

A hormone producing secondary male sex characteristics

A

Testosterone

66
Q

A condition in males characterized by breast tissue growth

A

Gynecomastia

NASM - CPT (20 decks)

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