Chapter 11.6 - Skeletal System Flashcards
(112 cards)
Invertebrate skeletons belong to:
organisms without bones, especially backbones
axial skeleton
skull, vertebral column, rib cage
appendicular skeletons
bones in the appendages, pectoral and pelvic girdle
what are the different types of bones in the endoskeletal system?
- flat bones
- short bones
- long bones
- sesamoid
- irregular
Distinct features of long bones
Epiphyses The diaphysis A medullary cavity Metaphyses Epiphyseal plates
Shaft of a long bone is called:
diaphysis
Bumpy ends of long bones
epiphyses
True or false: long bones have a hollow diaphysis
false - filled by medullary cavity containing spongy bone (yellow bone marrow)
Outside of epiphyses have:
articular cartilage. covers compact bone to form synovial joints
How many types of synovial joints are there?
6
Name the types of synovial joints
- ball and socket
- hinge
- plane
- pivot
- condylar
- saddle
Function of hyaline cartilage
cushions joints at the end of long bones, absorbs shock
What structure connects adjacent Haversian systems to the periosteum?
Volkmann’s canals
Which layer(s) of the periosteum contain(s) osteoprogenitor cells?
cambium layer
When is the primary ossification center established?
when osteoblasts invade the calcified center of the cartilage model
How does parathyroid hormone respond during times when blood calcium levels are low?
PTH increases calcium when it is low in the blood by stimulating osteoclasts
What covers the outside portion of the diaphysis?
periosteum
What term describes the canals that connect lacunae and Haversian canals of a single osteon?
canaliculi
Diarthroses
synovial joints between bones that fully move
Where can osteoclasts be found?
howship’s lacunae
What is not a component of a synovial joint?
elastic cartilage
Components of matrix of hyaline cartilage
elastin, chondroitin sulfate, collagen
What type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?
fibrous cartilage
Where do bone cells that are supplied nutrients from Haversian canals reside?
lacunae