Chapter 10 - Plants Flashcards

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1
Q

What does a seed consist of?

A

seed coat, embryo, storage material (usually food)

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2
Q

What is the seed coat?

A

hard outer layer that covers and protects the seed from various external forces

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3
Q

What is the purpose of storage material in a seed?

A

Provides nutrients to the embryo

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4
Q

Nutrients are stores in seeds in the form of _____

A

endosperm

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5
Q

The embryo consists of _ parts:

A

4: radicle, hypocotyl, plumule, epicotyl

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6
Q

The ____ is the part of the embryo that develops into the young root

A

Radicle

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7
Q

Which parts of the embryo make up the young shoot?

A

hypocotyl, plumule, epicotyl

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8
Q

The hypocotyl is the:

A

bottom region of the young shoot

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9
Q

The epicotyl develops into the:

A

very top region of the young shoot (shoot tip)

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10
Q

What is the plumule?

A

Develops into the young leaves in the plant embryo

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11
Q

What is germination?

A

Sprouting of a seedling after a period of dormancy

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12
Q

When does a seed break dormancy?

A

When environmental conditions become suitable for growth (water, temperature, light)

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13
Q

What is the most important environmental cue that starts germination?

A

water

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14
Q

Imbibition

A

absorption of water by the seed

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15
Q

Imbibition causes:

A

seed swells and breaks the seed coat, activates certain enzymes to produce energy for growth process

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16
Q

What are meristems?

A

Areas of a plant where growth takes place via mitosis

17
Q

What are the different types of meristem?

A

apical and lateral

18
Q

Apical meristems are located:

A

at the very tips of the roots/shoots

19
Q

Apical meristems cause what kind of growth in a plant?

A

Increases height of plant

20
Q

Lateral meristems cause what kind of growth?

A

horizontal - increases width/thickness of the plant

21
Q

Primary growth

A

Vertical plant growth at the apical meristems, happens before lateral growth (if any)

22
Q

___ ___ covers and protects the apical meristem at the root tips

A

Root cap

23
Q

Describe the growth of roots (various zones)?

A
  • continual division at apical meristem
  • creates zone of elongation where these cells absorb water
  • zone of maturation is formed when cells differentiate into specific plant tissues
24
Q

Secondary growth

A

horizontal growth at the lateral meristems

25
Q

Lateral meristems include:

A

vascular cambium and cork cambium