Chapter 10 A&P HW

Question 1

What type of neurons initiate skeletal muscle contraction?

Answer 1

somatic motor neurons

Question 2

What is the fuel for muscle contraction?

Answer 2

ATP

Question 3

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 3

sarcoplasm

Question 4

Where does aerobic respiration occur?

Answer 4

mitochondria

Question 5

During muscle relaxation, what does tropomyosin block?

Answer 5

myosin binding sites on actin

Question 6

What is the muscle cell’s contracting unit called?

Answer 6

sarcomere

Question 7

What are binding sites on actin covered by?

Answer 7

tropomyosin

Question 8

What is a group of muscle cells stimulated by a single motor neuron called?

Answer 8

a motor unit

Question 9

What process does the motor neuron use to stimulate the muscle cell?

Answer 9

neurotransmitter is released into the synaptic cleft to cause an action potential in the muscle cell

Question 10

What neurotransmitter is released by the motor neuron to cause muscle contraction?

Answer 10

acetylcholine

Question 11

What protein does calcium bind to?

Answer 11

troponin

Question 12

What is wave summation?

Answer 12

a second stimulus excites a partially relaxed muscle

Question 13

How many ATP molecules can one glucose molecule produce in aerobic respiration?

Answer 13

30 or more

Question 14

How long can energy provided from creatine phosphate sustain muscle contraction?

Answer 14

15 seconds

Question 15

Which enzyme clears the action potential for muscle relaxation?

Answer 15

acetylcholinesterase

Question 16

What does the endomysium do?

Answer 16

surrounds each individual muscle fiber and distributes capillaries to the fibers

Question 17

Which type of muscle tissue is involuntary?

Answer 17

smooth and cardiac

Question 18

Which layer of connective tissue surrounds a bundle of muscle fibers?

Answer 18

perimysium

Question 19

What muscle tissue property allows it to return to its original size and shape after being stressed?

Answer 19

elasticity

Question 20

What do intercalated discs do?

Answer 20

allow individual cells to be firmly attached to each other, provides mechanical strength during contraction, allows the action potential to spread rapidly so that contractions are smooth and coordinated

Question 21

What is the energy generated during ATP hydrolysis used for?

Answer 21

to energize the myosin head during the sliding filament

Question 22

What are the properties of muscle tissue?

Answer 22

electrical excitability, contractility, extensibility, elasticity

Question 23

What is the difference between thick and thin filaments?

Answer 23

thin filaments are actin and thick filaments are myosin

Question 24

How is the motor end plate different from the rest of the sarcolemma?

Answer 24

it contains large numbers of acetylcholine receptors

Question 25

What do whole muscles that control precise movements consist of?

Answer 25

large numbers of small motor units

Question 26

What increases muscle tension?

Answer 26

adjusting sarcomere length so that the actin and myosin partially overlap

Question 27

What is motor unit recruitment?

Answer 27

force production requirements increase and the number of active motor units increases