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anatomy > Anatomy Lab Exercise 9 > Flashcards

Anatomy Lab Exercise 9 Flashcards

Axial Skeleton

1
Q

axial skeleton

A

composed of 80 bones located along a vertical line, the longitudinal axis of the body
its bone support and protect the organs of the head, neck, and torso

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2
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

composed of 126 bones that make up the upper limbs, lower limbs, and the bones of the girdles that attach the limbs to the axial skeleton

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3
Q

parts of the axial skeleton

A

skull, hyoid bone, vertebral column, thoracic cage, and ear ossicles

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4
Q

cranial cavity bones

A

form the cranial cavity that harbors and protects the brain and houses organs of hearing and equilibrium

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5
Q

facial bones

A

provide the shape of the face, house the teeth, and provide attachments for all the muscles of facial expression

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6
Q

major features of the skull

A

sutures, orbit of eye, bone markings, paranasal sinuses, nasal septum, hard palate, and fontanels in the fetal skull

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7
Q

cranial cavity bones

A

parietal, temporal, frontal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid

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8
Q

2 parietal bones

A

superior lateral walls of cranial cavity

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9
Q

2 temporal bones

A

inferior lateral walls; house organs of inner ear

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10
Q

frontal bone

A

anterior portion of cranial cavity

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11
Q

occipital bone

A

posterior wall and part of cranial cavity floor

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12
Q

sphenoid bone

A

floor of cranial cavity posterior to ethmoid

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13
Q

ethmoid bone

A

anterior portion of cranial cavity floor

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14
Q

sutures

A

immovable joints between bones of the skull; coronal, sagittal, lambdoid, squamous

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15
Q

coronal suture

A

joins frontal and parietal bones

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16
Q

sagittal suture

A

joins parietal bones

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17
Q

lambdoid suture

A

joins both parietal bones with occipital bone

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18
Q

2 squamous sutures

A

join temporal and parietal bones

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19
Q

facial bones

A

14 facial bones,, 6 paired, 2 single

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20
Q

2 maxillae bones

A

fused upper jaw bones

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21
Q

2 zygomatic bones

A

cheek bones

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22
Q

2 lacrimal bones

A

portion of orbit of eyes near nasal bones

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23
Q

2 nasal bones

A

bridge of nose

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24
Q

2 inferior nasal conchae

A

forms posterior lateral walls of nasal cavity

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25
Q

2 palatine bones

A

fused bones that form posterior part of hard palate

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26
Q

mandible bone

A

lower jaw bone

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27
Q

vomer

A

inferior portion of nasal septum

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28
Q

orbit of the eye bones

A

3 cranial cavity bones: frontal, sphenoid, and ethmoid), 4 facial bones (maxilla, zygomatic, lacrimal, and palatine)

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29
Q

supraorbital foramina

A

located on the frontal bone, 1 opening located above the orbit of each eye for supraorbital nerve and artery

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30
Q

supraorbital ridges or margins

A

located on the frontal bone, thickening of frontal bone superior to orbit of each eye

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31
Q

external acoustic (auditory) meatus

A

located on the temporal bones, tube-like opening for the ear canal

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32
Q

mastoid process

A

located on the temporal bones, rounded projection posterior to external acoustic meatus; attachment for muscles

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33
Q

styloid process

A

located on the temporal bones, long thin, projection on inferior skull surface; attachment for muscles and ligaments of tongue and neck

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34
Q

zygomatic process

A

located on the temporal bones; projection that articulates with the zygomatic bone

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35
Q

mandibular fossa

A

located on the temporal bones; depression for articulation with condylar process

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36
Q

foramen lacerum

A

located on the temporal bones; jagged opening filled with cartilage in a living person

37
Q

carotid foramen

A

located on the temporal bones; foramen for internal carotid artery

38
Q

jugular foramen

A

located on the temporal bones; foramen for jugular vein and cranial nerves IX, X, and XI

39
Q

stylomastoid foramen

A

located on the temporal bones; opening for an artery and cranial nerve VII

40
Q

internal acoustic (auditory) meatus

A

located on the temporal bones; opening for cranial nerve VIII

41
Q

fissure

A

narrow slit or cleft in a bone; opening for blood vessels and nerves

42
Q

foramen

A

opening or hole (foramina, pl.), opening for blood vessels and nerves

43
Q

fossa

A

shallow depression (fossae, pl.), muscle attachment or articulation (joint)

44
Q

meatus

A

tube-like passageway or opening (meati, pl.), passageway or canal for blood vessels and nerves

45
Q

condyle

A

smooth rounded articular process

46
Q

ramus

A

a small branch for articulation

47
Q

spine

A

pointed process for articulation

48
Q

foramen magnum

A

opening through which spinal cord connects to lower brain

49
Q

hypoglossal foramina

A

openings for cranial nerves XII

50
Q

occipital condyles

A

rounded processes that articulate with the atlas

51
Q

external occipital protuberance

A

projection at base of skull posterior to foramen magnum

52
Q

cribriform plates

A

one on either side of crista galli; form roof of nasal cavity

53
Q

crista galli

A

projection for attachment of membranes covering brain

54
Q

olfactory foramina

A

tiny holes in cribriform plate for cranial nerve I

55
Q

perpendicular plate

A

forms superior part of nasal septum

56
Q

superior nasal conchae

A

scroll-like projections on each lateral wall of nasal cavity

57
Q

middle nasal conchae

A

scroll-like projections on each lateral wall of nasal cavity

58
Q

foramina ovale

A

openings for mandibular branch of cranial nerve V

59
Q

foramina rotundum

A

openings for maxillary branch of cranial nerve V

60
Q

sella turcica

A

bony projection that surrounds and protects pituitary gland

61
Q

greater and lesser wings

A

form anterior and lateral floor of cranial cavity

62
Q

optic foramina

A

openings for cranial nerve II

63
Q

inferior orbital fissures

A

openings for blood vessels and nerves

64
Q

superior orbital fissures

A

openings for blood vessels and cranial nerves III. IV, V, and VI (ophthalmic branch)

65
Q

pterygoid processes (medial and lateral)

A

wing-like projections on the base of the skull in the middle section of the sphenoid bone

66
Q

alveoli

A

tooth sockets

67
Q

palatine process

A

fused processes that form the anterior part of hard palate

68
Q

body of mandible

A

curved, anterior portion of mandible

69
Q

mental foramina

A

openings in chin for nerves and blood vessels

70
Q

rami

A

posterior branches, one on either side of the body of mandible

71
Q

condylar processes (mandibular condyles)

A

rounded processes on rami that articulate with temporal bone at the mandibular fossa to form the TMJ

72
Q

coronoid processes

A

triangular projections of rami anterior to the condylar processes

73
Q

lacrimal fossa

A

canal that houses lacrimal sac; formed from the maxilla and lacrimal bone

74
Q

temporal process

A

projects posteriorly; temporal process of zygomatic bone and zygomatic process of temporal bone form the zygomatic arch

75
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

cavities line with mucous membranes that are located near and have openings into the nasal cavities
the ethmoid, frontal, maxillary, and sphenoid bones contain paranasal sinuses

76
Q

nasal septum

A

comprised of 2 bones and cartilage
the vomer is inferior to the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
the septal cartilage is anterior to these bones

77
Q

hard palate

A

the roof of the mouth
formed by the fusion of 4 bones
2 palatine processes of the maxillary bones and 2 palatine bones

78
Q

fontanel

A

soft spots on a newborn skull made of fibrous connective tissue
allows the cranial cavity bones to compress during birth and permit rapid growth of the brain and skull during the early years

79
Q

vertebral column

A

a flexible structure that can be bent, twisted, rotated, especially in the cervical region
consists of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae, the sacrum and coccyx

80
Q

5 regions of the vertebral column

A

cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (1), coccygeal (1)

81
Q

body of vertebra

A

located anteriorly; the largest part of the vertebra

82
Q

pedicle of vertebra

A

attached to and extends posteriorly on either side of the body

83
Q

transverse process of vertebra

A

extends laterally from each pedicle

84
Q

lamina of vertebra

A

connects transverse processes to the spinous process

85
Q

spinous process of vertebra

A

projects posteriorly from fused lamina

86
Q

vertebral arch

A

formed by the fusion of pedicles and laminae

87
Q

vertebral foramen

A

large opening formed by the vertebral arch that protects the spinal cord

88
Q

superior and anterior articular processes with facets of vertebra

A

extend from the vertebra at the junction of the pedicle and lamina to articulate with a superior and inferior vertebra, respectively

89
Q
A

anatomy (22 decks)

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