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anatomy > Anatomy Lecture Ch 1 > Flashcards

Anatomy Lecture Ch 1 Flashcards

1
Q

embryology

A

the first eight weeks of development after fertilization of a human egg

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2
Q

developmental biology

A

the complete development of an individual form fertilization to death

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3
Q

cell biology

A

cellular structure and functions

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4
Q

histology

A

microscopic structure of tissues

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5
Q

gross anatomy

A

structures that can be examined without a microscope

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6
Q

systemic anatomy

A

structure of specific systems of the body such as the nervous or respiratory system

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7
Q

regional anatomy

A

specific regions of the body each as the head or the chest

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8
Q

surface anatomy

A

surface markings of the body to understand internal anatomy through visualization and palpitation (gentle touch)

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9
Q

imaging anatomy

A

internal body structures that can be visualized with techniques such as x-rays, MRI, CT scans, and other technologies for clinical analysis and medical interventions

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10
Q

pathological anatomy

A

structural changes (gross to microscopic) associated with disease

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11
Q

molecular physiology

A

functions of individual molecules such as proteins and DNA

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12
Q

neurophysiology

A

functional properties of nerve cells

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13
Q

endocrinology

A

hormones (chemical regulators in the blood) and how they control body functions

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14
Q

immunology

A

the body’s defenses against disease-causing agents

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15
Q

cardiovascular physiology

A

functions of the heart and blood vessels

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16
Q

respiratory physiology

A

functions of the air passageways and lungs

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17
Q

renal physiology

A

functions of the kidneys

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18
Q

exercise physiology

A

changes in cell and organ functions due to muscular activity

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19
Q

pathophysiology

A

functional changes associated with disease and aging

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20
Q

palpation

A

feeling the body surfaces with the hands; noninvasive technique

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21
Q

auscultation

A

listening to body sounds to evaluate the functioning of certain organs; noninvasive technique

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22
Q

percussion

A

tapping body surface with the fingertips and listens to the resulting echo; noninvasive

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23
Q

tissues

A

groups of similarly specialized cells and the surrounding substances- perform certain functions

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24
Q

organs

A

structures of definite form composed of two or more different tissues, have specific functions

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25
Q

systems

A

related organs that have a common function

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26
Q

metabolism

A

sum of all chemical processes in the body

27
Q

catabolism

A

the breakdown of complex chemical substances into similar components; decomposition

28
Q

anabolism

A

the building up of complex chemical substances from smaller, simpler components; synthesis

29
Q

responsiveness

A

detect and respond to environmental changes

30
Q

stimulus

A

disruption that changes a controlled condition

31
Q

receptor

A

monitors changes in a controlled environment, sends input (nerve impulses, chemical signals) to a control center

32
Q

control center

A

sets a range of values, evaluates input received from receptors, generates output commands

33
Q

effector

A

receives output from control center, produces a response or effect, changes the controlled condition

34
Q

negative feedback loop

A

a response reverses the original stimulus

35
Q

anatomy

A

science of body structures and the relationships among them

36
Q

dissection

A

the careful cutting apart of body structures to study their relationships

37
Q

physiology

A

the science of body functions - how the body parts work

38
Q

epithelial tissue

A

covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs and cavities, and forms glands

39
Q

connective tissue

A

connects, supports ,and protects body organs while distributing blood vessels to other tissues

40
Q

muscular tissue

A

contracts to make body parts move and in the process generates heat

41
Q

nervous tissue

A

carries information from one part of the body to another through nerve impulses

42
Q

inspection

A

the examiner observes the body for any changes that deviate from normal

43
Q

growth

A

an increase in body size that results from an increase in the size of existing cells, an increase in the number of cells, or both

44
Q

differentiation

A

the development of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state

45
Q

stem cells

A

precursor cells which can divide and give rise to cells that undergo differentiation

46
Q

reproduction

A

the formation of new cells for tissue growth, repair, or replacement; the production of a new individual

47
Q

feedback loop

A

a cycle of events in which the status of a body condition is monitored, evaluated, changed, re-monitored, reevaluated, and so on

48
Q

stimulus

A

any disruption that changes a controlled condition

49
Q

controlled condition

A

monitored variables such as temperature, blood pressure, or blood glucose level

50
Q

afferent pathway

A

the pathway that the receptor uses to send information to the control center

51
Q

efferent pathway

A

the pathway for output from the control center

52
Q

positive feedback loop

A

strengthens or reinforces a change in one of the body’s controlled conditions

53
Q

disorder

A

any abnormality of structure or function

54
Q

disease

A

a more specific term for an illness characterized by a recognizable set of signs and symptoms; alters body structures and functions in characteristic ways

55
Q

local disease

A

affects one part or a limited region of the body

56
Q

systemic disease

A

affects either the entire body or several parts of it

57
Q

symptoms

A

subjective changes in body functions that are not apparent to an observer ex.) headache, nausea, anxiety

58
Q

signs

A

objective changes that a health care professional can observe or measure
can be either anatomical or physiological

59
Q

epidemiology

A

the science that deals with why, when, and where diseases occur and how they are transmitted among individuals in a community

60
Q

pharmacology

A

the science that deals with the effects and uses of drugs in the treatment of disease

61
Q

diagnosis

A

the science and skill of distinguishing one disorder or disease from another

62
Q

aging

A

a normal process characterized by a progressive decline in the body’s ability to restore homeostasis

63
Q

medical imaging

A

techniques and procedures used to create images of the human body

anatomy (22 decks)

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