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anatomy > Anatomy Lab Exercise 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy Lab Exercise 2 Flashcards

organ systems and body cavities

1
Q

organ system

A

a group of organs performing a common function

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2
Q

homeostasis

A

organ systems cooperate to maintain an optimal environment for body cells

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3
Q

cardiovascular system

A

transports nutrients, chemical messengers, gasses, and wastes in blood

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4
Q

major organs in the cardiovascular system?

A

heart and blood vessels

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5
Q

respiratory system

A

adds oxygen to blood and removes carbon dioxide from blood; produces sound; maintains body fluid pH

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6
Q

major organs in the respiratory system?

A

nose, pharynx (throat), larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

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7
Q

digestive system

A

breaks down food into units that can be absorbed into the body, eliminates wastes and non-digestible fiber in food

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8
Q

major organs in the digestive system?

A

mouth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

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9
Q

urinary system

A

removes nitrogenous wastes; maintains body fluid volume; pH, and electrolyte levels through urine production

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10
Q

major organs in the urinary system?

A

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, uretha

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11
Q

integumentary system

A

provides a protective barrier for the body and aids in production of vitamin D; eliminates some waste; contains sensory receptors for pain, touch, and temperature; fat provides insulation

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12
Q

major organs in the integumentary system?

A

skin and skin structures (hair, nails, sweat glands, oil glands)

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13
Q

lymphatic and immune system

A

returns fluid to blood; carries dietary lipids from GI tract to blood; detects and eliminates disease-causing organisms

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14
Q

major organs in the lymphatic and immune system?

A

lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow, tonsils

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15
Q

skeletal system

A

protects major organs; provides levers and support for body movement; bone marrow contains stem cells that produce blood cells, and is site for maturation for lymphocytes

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16
Q

major organs in the skeletal system?

A

bones and cartilage

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17
Q

muscular system

A

moves bones and maintains posture; major source of body heat

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18
Q

major organs in muscular system?

A

skeletal muscles and tendons

19
Q

nervous system

A

controls cell function with electrical signals; helps control body homeostasis

20
Q

major organs in nervous system?

A

brain, spinal cord, nerves, and special sense organs

21
Q

endocrine system

A

controls cell function with hormones; helps control body homeostasis

22
Q

major organs in endocrine system

A

hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pineal gland, thymus, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, ovaries, testes

23
Q

reproductive system

A

produces gametes and sex hormones; female uterus provides environment for development of fetus

24
Q

major organs in male reproductive system?

A

testes, ductus deferens, penis

25
Q

major organs in female reproductive system?

A

ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina

26
Q

thoracic cavity

A

a space enclosed by the ribs, sternum, and vertebral column

27
Q

pericardial cavity

A

inside of the thoracic cavity, peri- around, -cardia - heart
contains the heart

28
Q

pleural cavities

A

inside of the thoracic cavity, pleuro- side or rib
each one contains a lung

29
Q

mediastinum

A

media- =middle; -stinum = partition; a central area within the thoracic cavity, extends from the neck to the diaphragm and from the sternum to the vertebral column
organs located inside are the heart, thymus gland, esophagus, trachea, blood vessels, and bronchi

30
Q

diaphragm

A

separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity

31
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A

consists of two continuous cavities: the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity

32
Q

abdominal cavity

A

superior portion located between the diaphragm and the brim of the pelvis contains the stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, small intestine, kidneys, appendix, and part of the large intestine

33
Q

peritoneal cavity

A

located inside of the abdominal cavity
contains most abdominal organs

34
Q

retroperitoneal

A

a few organs are located posterior to the peritoneum including the pancreas, kidneys, adrenal glands, and portions of the large intestine, small intestine, aorta, and inferior vena cava

35
Q

pelvic cavity

A

inferior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity contains part of the large intestine, rectum, urinary bladder, female reproductive organs (ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina), and male reproductive organs (prostate and part of ductus deferens)
testes and penis are not located in the pelvic cavity but are located inferior to it

36
Q

serous membranes

A

cover most of the organs in the ventral body cavity and are composed of a visceral layer and a parietal layer

37
Q

visceral layer

A

covers the organ

38
Q

parietal layer

A

attaches to and covers the ventral body wall

39
Q

serous fluid

A

clear, watery fluid secreted by the cells of a serous membrane that prevents friction as the organs move within the ventral body cavity

40
Q

thoracic serous membranes

A

pleura, which covers the lungs, and the pericardium, which covers the heart

41
Q

peritoneum

A

serous membrane that covers abdominal organs in the peritoneal cavity

42
Q

regions

A

a tic-tac-toe grid using two vertical and two horizontal lines to easily describe the location of any organ

43
Q

nine regions from the top right to the lower left

A

right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right inguinal/iliac, hypogastric/pubic, left inguinal/iliac

anatomy (22 decks)

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