Anatomy Lab Exercise 2 Flashcards
organ systems and body cavities
organ system
a group of organs performing a common function
homeostasis
organ systems cooperate to maintain an optimal environment for body cells
cardiovascular system
transports nutrients, chemical messengers, gasses, and wastes in blood
major organs in the cardiovascular system?
heart and blood vessels
respiratory system
adds oxygen to blood and removes carbon dioxide from blood; produces sound; maintains body fluid pH
major organs in the respiratory system?
nose, pharynx (throat), larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
digestive system
breaks down food into units that can be absorbed into the body, eliminates wastes and non-digestible fiber in food
major organs in the digestive system?
mouth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, pancreas, liver, gallbladder
urinary system
removes nitrogenous wastes; maintains body fluid volume; pH, and electrolyte levels through urine production
major organs in the urinary system?
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, uretha
integumentary system
provides a protective barrier for the body and aids in production of vitamin D; eliminates some waste; contains sensory receptors for pain, touch, and temperature; fat provides insulation
major organs in the integumentary system?
skin and skin structures (hair, nails, sweat glands, oil glands)
lymphatic and immune system
returns fluid to blood; carries dietary lipids from GI tract to blood; detects and eliminates disease-causing organisms
major organs in the lymphatic and immune system?
lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow, tonsils
skeletal system
protects major organs; provides levers and support for body movement; bone marrow contains stem cells that produce blood cells, and is site for maturation for lymphocytes
major organs in the skeletal system?
bones and cartilage
muscular system
moves bones and maintains posture; major source of body heat
major organs in muscular system?
skeletal muscles and tendons
nervous system
controls cell function with electrical signals; helps control body homeostasis
major organs in nervous system?
brain, spinal cord, nerves, and special sense organs
endocrine system
controls cell function with hormones; helps control body homeostasis
major organs in endocrine system
hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pineal gland, thymus, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, ovaries, testes
reproductive system
produces gametes and sex hormones; female uterus provides environment for development of fetus
major organs in male reproductive system?
testes, ductus deferens, penis
major organs in female reproductive system?
ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina
thoracic cavity
a space enclosed by the ribs, sternum, and vertebral column
pericardial cavity
inside of the thoracic cavity, peri- around, -cardia - heart
contains the heart
pleural cavities
inside of the thoracic cavity, pleuro- side or rib
each one contains a lung
mediastinum
media- =middle; -stinum = partition; a central area within the thoracic cavity, extends from the neck to the diaphragm and from the sternum to the vertebral column
organs located inside are the heart, thymus gland, esophagus, trachea, blood vessels, and bronchi
diaphragm
separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity
abdominopelvic cavity
consists of two continuous cavities: the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity
abdominal cavity
superior portion located between the diaphragm and the brim of the pelvis contains the stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, small intestine, kidneys, appendix, and part of the large intestine
peritoneal cavity
located inside of the abdominal cavity
contains most abdominal organs
retroperitoneal
a few organs are located posterior to the peritoneum including the pancreas, kidneys, adrenal glands, and portions of the large intestine, small intestine, aorta, and inferior vena cava
pelvic cavity
inferior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity contains part of the large intestine, rectum, urinary bladder, female reproductive organs (ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina), and male reproductive organs (prostate and part of ductus deferens)
testes and penis are not located in the pelvic cavity but are located inferior to it
serous membranes
cover most of the organs in the ventral body cavity and are composed of a visceral layer and a parietal layer
visceral layer
covers the organ
parietal layer
attaches to and covers the ventral body wall
serous fluid
clear, watery fluid secreted by the cells of a serous membrane that prevents friction as the organs move within the ventral body cavity
thoracic serous membranes
pleura, which covers the lungs, and the pericardium, which covers the heart
peritoneum
serous membrane that covers abdominal organs in the peritoneal cavity
regions
a tic-tac-toe grid using two vertical and two horizontal lines to easily describe the location of any organ
nine regions from the top right to the lower left
right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right inguinal/iliac, hypogastric/pubic, left inguinal/iliac
