Anatomy Lab Exercise 8

Question 1

five bone classifications

Answer 1

long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid

Question 2

long bones

Answer 2

longer than they are wide; thick compact bone exterior

Question 3

short bones

Answer 3

almost equal in length and width and contain a thick interior of spongy bone covered by a thin veneer of compact bone

Question 4

flat bones

Answer 4

relatively flat, but may be curved, and contain a thin, spongy bone interior covered by a thin veneer of compact bone

Question 5

irregular bones

Answer 5

do not fit into a category

Question 6

sesamoid bones

Answer 6

small bones that develop in tendons for protection against wear and tear

Question 7

epiphyses

Answer 7

enlarged proximal and distal ends of long bones

Question 8

diaphysis

Answer 8

middle shaft area of long bones

Question 9

metaphyses

Answer 9

an area between the epiphyses and the diaphysis

Question 10

epiphyseal plate

Answer 10

a layer of hyaline cartilage in the metaphyses of a growing bone

Question 11

epiphyseal line

Answer 11

when the epiphyseal plate cartilage becomes ossified and forms a bony structure stopping bone growth

Question 12

articular cartilage

Answer 12

composed of hyaline cartilage; covers both epiphyses

Question 13

periosteum

Answer 13

dense, irregular connective tissue covering the bone surface

Question 14

medullary cavity

Answer 14

hollow center of the bony diaphysis

Question 15

endosteum

Answer 15

connective tissue membrane that lines the medullary cavity; also lines the cavities within the spongy bone of the epiphyses

Question 16

osteoblasts, osteoclasts

Answer 16

blast- builder, klasis- breaking; contained in the periosteum and endosteum for bone formation, bone tissue repair, and bone remodeling

Question 17

yellow marrow

Answer 17

fatty substance found within the medullary cavity

Question 18

red marrow

Answer 18

found within the cavities of spongy bone and produces blood cells

Question 19

nutrient artery

Answer 19

a large artery that enters compact bone near the middle of the diaphysis; immediately branches into proximal and distal portions, which supply blood to the inner layer of compact bone, spongy bone, and red marroq

Question 20

nutrient foramen

Answer 20

the foramen through which the nutrient artery enters

Question 21

compact/cortical bone

Answer 21

composed of repeating units called osteons

Question 22

osteonic/haversian/central canal

Answer 22

runs longitudinally through the center of each osteon; contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves that serve compact bone tissue

Question 23

interosteonic/Volkmann’s/perforating

Answer 23

canals that run horizontally in compact bone and connect with the osteonic canal

Question 24

concentric lamellae

Answer 24

look similar to the rings of a tree trunk cut in cross-section

Question 25

bone lacunae

Answer 25

dark areas that are found between concentric lamellae

Question 26

bone canaliculi

Answer 26

thin lines within the dark areas that connect the bone lacunae

Question 27

osteocytes

Answer 27

mature bone cells that reside in the bone lacunae; osteocyte processes extend through the bone canaliculi

Question 28

bone canaliculi

Answer 28

allows nutrients from the blood vessels in the osteonic canal to diffuse to the osteocytes embedded in the solid bone material; also the route by which waste materials are removed from these cells

Question 29

interstitial lamellae

Answer 29

fills in the spaces between the osteons

Question 30

spongy/cancellous/trabecular bone

Answer 30

does not contain osteons but instead has trabeculae

Question 31

trabeculae

Answer 31

flat plates with a lattice-like network of thin, bony columns lined with endosteum