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Final Exam > Chap 5 > Flashcards

Chap 5 Flashcards

Erythrocytes

1
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

Regulated process for maintaining adequate #s of erythrocytes in the PB.

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2
Q

Erythropoietin (EPO)

A

The growth factor that stimulates RBC production. Glycoprotein that is lineage specific.

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3
Q

Where is EPO made? (Per the book 2 locations).

A

Produced in the renal peritubular interstitial cells (Kidneys) and a small amount in the liver.

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4
Q

What is the cause of increased renal release of EPO?

A

Hypoxia

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5
Q

Actions of EPO?

A
  • Consistent Release to maintain daily
    RBC counts.
  • Stims Eryth-sensitive committed SCs
    (CFU-E) to differentiate into RBC
    precursors.
  • Shorten RBC maturation time.
  • Cause early release of BM Retics into
    PB.
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6
Q

Normoblastic nomenclature Erythrocyte Maturation Sequence is? (From progenitor-Eryth, 9 stages).

A
  1. Pluripotential Progenitor Cell (PSCs)
  2. Myeloid Stem Cell (MSCs) W/ EPO
  3. Burst-forming Unit-Erythroid (BFU-E) or Colony-forming Unit- Erythroid
    (CFU-E), or Colony-forming Unit- Granulocyte, Erythrocyte, Monocyte, Megakaryocyte (CFU-GEMM).
  4. Pronormoblast
  5. Basophilic Normoblast
  6. Polychromatic (Polychromatophilic) Normoblast
  7. Orthochromic Normoblast
  8. Polychromatic (Polychromatophilic)
    Erythrocyte (Retics W/ vital stains)
  9. Erythrocyte
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7
Q

Rubriblastic nomenclature Erythrocyte Maturation Sequence? (From progenitor-Eryth, 9 stages).

A
  1. Pluripotential Progenitor Cell (PSCs)
  2. Myeloid Stem Cell (MSCs) W/ EPO
  3. Burst-forming Unit-Erythroid (BFU-E) or Colony-forming Unit- Erythroid
    (CFU-E), or Colony-forming Unit- Granulocyte, Erythrocyte, Monocyte, Megakaryocyte (CFU-GEMM).
  4. Rubriblast
  5. Prorubricyte
  6. Rubricyte
  7. Metarubricyte
  8. Polychromatic (Polychromatophilic) Erythrocyte (Retics W/ vital stains)
  9. Erythrocyte
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8
Q

What is the lifespan for RBCs?

A

120 days

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9
Q

What provides Iron and GFs to developing RBCs?

A

Macrophages called Nurse Cells

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10
Q

What stages do RBCs surround Nurse cells?

A

All stages of maturity

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11
Q

Under normal conditions, how much of RBCs in the blood are newly released retics?

A

1%

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12
Q

(T or F): The erythrocyte precursors are morphologically identifiable?

A

True

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13
Q

Rubriblast (Pronormoblast) Size?

A

14-20um

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14
Q

What does the Rubriblast plasm appear like?

A

Deeply Blue (Basophilic).
Scant amount, may have perinuclear halo.
No granules.

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15
Q

Nucleus of the Rubriblast?

A

Large and Round
Reddish Purple W/ fine chromatin
1-2 Nucleoli (may be bluish).

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16
Q

What is the NC ratio of the rubriblast?

A

8:1

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17
Q

What is the size of the prorubricyte (Basophilic Normoblast)?

A

10-16um

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18
Q

What does the Prorubricyte plasm look like?

A

Deeply basophilic indicating RNA activity, needed to produce Hgb.
No granules.

19
Q

Nucleus of a Prorubricyte?

A

Round and Large
Chromatin more clumped
0-1 Nucleoli

20
Q

NC Ratio of a Prorubricyte?

A

6:1

21
Q

Rubricyte (Polychromatic Normoblast Size?

A

10-12um

22
Q

Plasm of a Rubricyte?

A

Blue-Gray to Pink-Gray ( pink indicates Hgb production).
Slightly increased amount.

23
Q

Nucleus of a Rubricyte?

A

Round and Smaller
Chromatin more clumped, irregular.
No nucleoli

24
Q

NC Ratio of a Rubricyte?

A

4:1

25
Q

Metarubricyte (NRBC or Orthochromic Normoblast) size?

A

8-10um

26
Q

Plasm of a Metarubricyte?

A

Pinker indicating larger amounts of Hgb production.
Increased amount.

27
Q

Nucleus of a Metarubricyte?

A

Tightly condensed chromatin(Pyknotic).
No nucleoli.
No more mitosis (DNA Synth).
Nucleus Extrudes @ end of stage.

28
Q

NC Ratio of metarubricyte?

A

1:1

29
Q

Reticulocyte (Diffusely basophilic or Polychromatophilic Erythrocyte or Retic) size?

A

8-10um

30
Q

Plasm of a Retic?

A

Diffusely Basophilic (Due to residual RNA).
Stain w/ new methylene blue (NMB).
Hemoglobinization not complete.

31
Q

Presence of Nucleus in retics?

A

No

32
Q

Retics presence in circulation is how long?

A

1-2 days

33
Q

What supravital stain is used to ID retics?

A

New Methylene Blue (NMB)

34
Q

Mature Erythrocyte size?

A

7-8um

35
Q

Volume of mature Erthrocyte?

A

80-100fL

36
Q

Plasm of an erythrocyte?

A

Pink-Red
Biconcave shape

37
Q

Presence of a nucleus in a mature erythrocyte?

A

No

38
Q

Mature erythrocyte’s primary functions are?

A

Oxygen transport and CO2 removal.

39
Q

The RBC’s membrane is made of what?

A

A protein shell of predominantly Spectrin(Skeletal Protein), that is heavily coated W/ lipids.

40
Q

When it comes to RBCs, what are the spleen’s functions in relation to deformities?

A

Pitting
Culling
Grooming

41
Q

Pitting

A

A splenic function where the removal of RBC inclusions occurs.

42
Q

Culling

A

The spleen trapping rigid RBCs.

43
Q

Grooming

A

The spleen removing excess lipids from retics.

44
Q
A

Final Exam (27 decks)

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