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Final Exam > Chap 4 > Flashcards

Chap 4 Flashcards

Hematopoiesis

1
Q

Differentiation

A

The process that shapes a immature cell’s destiny.

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2
Q

Commitment

A

When an HSC commits to a cell lineage.

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3
Q

Maturation

A

The cell’s process of growing.

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4
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

process of Blood cell production, development, and replacement, that usually occurs in the BM.

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5
Q

What is the purpose of Hematopoiesis?

A

Allows system to respond to stimuli like infection, bleeding, or hypoxia, by increasing production of the needed cell line.

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6
Q

HSCs can differentiate into what?

A

Lymphoid or Myeloid Lineages

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7
Q

HSCs are directed to 1 of 3 possible fates?

A

Self-Renewal
Differentiation
Apoptosis

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8
Q

The process of replacing active marrow by adipocytes (yellow marrow cells) during development is called?

A

Retrogression

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9
Q

Adipocytes

A

Large cells W/ a single fat vacuole and play a role in regulating the volume of marrow in which active hematopoiesis occurs.

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10
Q

What secretes cytokines or GFs that positively stimulate HSC #s and bone homeostasis?

A

Adipocytes

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11
Q

Medullary sites?

A

Origin of blood cells and sequential sites of normal blood production w/n BM.

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12
Q

Extramedullary Sites?

A

Blood cell production in Hematopoietic tissue other than BM (Liver, Spleen), and provide compensatory mechanism to blood cells in time of need.

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13
Q

Primary production sites of a fetus?

A

Yolk Sac
Liver and Spleen
BM (All Bones)

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14
Q

Primary production sites of an adult?

A

*Child up to Teens- All bones
*18+ - Flat Bones (Sternum, Ribs, Pelvis, Vertebra, Skull)
*Adults- BM

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15
Q

Hematopoiesis stages in life

A

Yolk Sac(19days-2.5 fetal months)
Spleen & Liver(2.5-6 fetal months)
BM(Around 5th fetal month)
Spleen & Liver(stop @ birth)
All bones (until teen years)
Flat bones (20-50)(TIbia, Femur, Lymph Nodes, Rib, Sternum, Vertebra)
Just BM(Adults)

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16
Q

1st stage of Hematopoiesis?

A

Mesoblastic

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17
Q

Mesoblastic begins in the mesoderm of?

A

Yolk Sac and forms Erythroid cells

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18
Q

How long does production take place in the yolk sac?

A

19 days to 2.5 fetal months

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19
Q

Angioblasts

A

Cells that surround the cavity of the yolk sac and eventually form blood vessels.

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20
Q

Fetal Hemoglobins found in these embryonic cells?

A

Gower-1
Gower-2
Portland

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21
Q

The second phase of hematopoiesis in a fetus?

A

Hepatic Phase

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22
Q

When does the hepatic phase begin?

A

5-7 gestational weeks

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23
Q

How is the hepatic phase characterized?

A

Recognizable clusters of Eryths, Grans, and Monos

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24
Q

Major site of hematopoiesis in the 2nd phase?

A

Liver

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25
Q

When does the liver take responsibility for hematopoiesis?

A

2nd fetal month

26
Q

When does the hepatic phase start and stop?

A

3-6months

27
Q

Where else does hematopoiesis take place during the Hepatic phase?

A

Spleen, Kidneys, Thymus, Lymph Nodes

28
Q

Hematopoietic Precursor Cells (HPCs)

A

Stem Cells(SCs)/pluripotential(PP)
Lymph/Myelo Progenitor Cells (MPCs, LPCs).
Maturing Cells (MCs)

29
Q

T or F: SCs are morph recognizable

A

False

30
Q

How much of the total hemopoietic precursors are SCs?

A

0.5%

31
Q

SCs are capable of _________differentiation W/ a stable population size?
A.Multilineage
B. Single Lineage
C. No Lineage
D. Alternating Lineage

A

Multilineage

32
Q

Lymphoid/Myeloid progenitor cells (LMPCs) make up how much of the precursors?

A

3%

33
Q

The population of Lymph/Myelo precursors are amplified by?

A

Proliferation

34
Q

The LMPCs are not _______but are multipotential.
A. Recognizable
B. Unrecognizable
C. Normal
D. PP Cells

A

Recognizable

35
Q

Maturing Cells make up how much of the total precursors?

A

> 95%

36
Q

Like the LMPCs, maturing cells population is amplified by?

A

Proliferation

37
Q

Maturing cells are morph recognizable and are _____cells?
A. Non-Committed
B. Unresponsive
C. Agressive
D. Committed

A

Committed

38
Q

Cytokines

A

GFs secreted by cells for the purpose of cell-cell comms.

39
Q

GFs stimulate PP SCs to?

A

Proliferate and Differentiate

40
Q

GFs promote cell survival by surpressing which mechanism?

A

Apoptosis “Cell Death”

41
Q

3 examples of Cytokines?

A

CSFs
Interleukins
Lymphokines

42
Q

CSFs

A

Colony stimulating factors.
Regulate blood cell development.

43
Q

G-CSF

A

Stimulates Granulocyte(Gran or Grans) production

44
Q

G-CSF can be used to treat cancer and AIDS PTs W/ low WBCs, what is the name of the medicine?

A

Neupogen

45
Q

GM-CSF

A

Stims Gran/Macro production

46
Q

GM-CSF can treat?

A

PTs w/ cancer and low WBCs, named Leukine.

47
Q

Erythropoietin (EPO)

A

Stims Eryths prod.

48
Q

EPO can be used to treat PTs w/?

A

Chronic Anemia due to renal failure, or increase RBCs prior to surgery. Professional athletes can’t use; med name is Epogen or Procrit

49
Q

Grans and PLTs exist in 2 pools?

A

Circulating and Marginal

50
Q

Circulating Cells are?

A

Mature and incapable of mitosis, except lymphs. Functional w/n circulation

51
Q

Where are the circulating cells in-transit to?

A

To the tissues

52
Q

What do Marginal Pool Cells do?

A

Adhere to the walls of blood vessels and are ready for diapedese.

53
Q

How are grans split in there pools?

A

50% in circulation and 50% are marginating

54
Q

How are PLT cell line pools split?

A

70% of PLTs in circulation and 30% are stored in the Spleen.

55
Q

What 1 cell lineage is always in circulation in the PB and in a functional stat in the BM pool?

A

Erythrocytes

56
Q

Name 2 bone derived cells found in the BM?

A

Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts

57
Q

Osteoblasts are responsible for?

A

The formation, calcification, and maintenance of the bone structure.

58
Q

Osteoblasts are large irregularly shaped cells in the BM that can be confused with?

A

Plasmacytes or malignant cells.

59
Q

Osteoclasts are responsible for?

A

Absorption of bone and assists in the degradation of bone.

60
Q

Osteoclasts are giant multinucleated, irregularly shaped phagocytic cells in the BM that are confused with?

A

Megakaryocytes.

61
Q
A

Final Exam (27 decks)

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