Champagne-Sparkling wine Flashcards
What is bouvreux?
The second crop of Champagne that occurs after poor flowering, but rarely ripens
What is belemnite chalk?
Porous, high limestone content soils found on the slopes of Champagne
Derived from extinct cephalopods fossils
What is micraster chalk?
Soils found in the valley’s of Champagne
Derived from fossilized sea urchins
What is the dominant soil type of the Aube?
Clay
What are the four permitted vine training methods of Champagne?
Cordon de Royat, Chablis, Valle de la Marne and Guyot
Who sets the yield limits every year in Champagne?
CIVC
Munier is mostly grown where in Champagne?
Valle de la Marne
Why is Munier grown heavily in the Valle de la Marne?
Valle de la Marne is prone to frost. Munier bud’s late and ripens early protecting it against spring and fall frost
How many villages in Champagne have Grand Cru status?
17
How many villages in Champagne have 1er Cru status?
42
What was the name of the Abbey where Dom Perignon was cellar master?
Abbey of Hautvillers, 1668-1715
What is the oldest Champagne house still operating today?
Gosset, 1584
Started as a still wine producer
Who is Madame Barbe-Nicole Ponsardin?
Veuve Clicquot , Madame Clicquot
What is remuage?
Riddling
Who is Jean-Antoine Chaptal?
The chemist who discovered the relationship between sugar and fermentation, 1801
Chaptalization is named after
Who created the first brut Champagne?
Pommery
Pommery “Nature”, 1874
Which region of Champagne was originally excluded from the original boundaries of Champagne?
The Aube
What year did Champagne gain AOC status?
1936
What is the only region that doesn’t have to include AOC/AOP on the label?
Champagne
What vintage of WWI is lauded as an outstanding vintage for Champagne?
1914
What event happened in Champagne in 1911?
Growers revolted against producers who were driving down fruit prices, sourcing grapes from other parts of the country and other countries
Who was Otto Klaebisch?
A Nazi agent, dubbed the “weinfurher”, who took up residence at the Cliquot estate during WWII
What was the first vintage of Dom Perignon?
1921
What is a marc of grapes?
The amount of grapes held in a traditional Coquard basket press in champagne
What is blocage and deblocage?
The reserve and release of wines by the CIVC for future vintages
What is rebêche?
The 3rd pressing of Champagne grapes
By law must be 1-10% and is used for distillate
What is vin clairs?
base wines for champagne
What is liqueur de tirage?
A mixture of sugar yeast and still wine used to induce secondary fermentation in the bottle for champagne
What is prise de mousse?
Second fermentation in the bottle
How much does the ABV rise during secondary fermentation?
1.2-1.3%
What is sur latte?
Storing of champagne bottles on their sides
How long must non-vintage champagne spend on the lee’s?
12 months on lee’s
15 months from tirage to disgorgment
How long must Vintage dated Champagne be aged on the lee’s?
36 months
What size is bottle is a Jereboam?
3L
4 bottles
What size bottles is a Rehoboam?
4.5L
6 bottles
What size is a Methuselah?
6L
8 bottles
What size is a Salmanazar?
9L
12 bottles
What size is a Balthazar?
12L
16 bottles
What size is a Nebuchadnezzar?
15L
20bottles
What size is a Solomon?
18L
24 bottles
If a Champagne is vintage dated, what percent of wine must be from that vintage?
100%
what is the maximum amount of years harvest that may be sold as “vintage” champagne?
80%
Who produces “Clos Goisses”?
Philipponnat
What is Special Club prestige Cuvée?
Originated in 1971, small producers, RM’s, who lacked marketing power came together to promote their prestige cuvée under identical packaging
Currently 28 members
What are the still wine appellations of Champagne?
Coteaux de Champenois
Rosé de Riceys
What are the permitted styles of wines for coteaux de Champenois?
Still red, white, and rosé
What are the permitted styles of wine for rosé de Riceys AOP?
100% PN rosé wine from Les Riceys in the Aube
Nyetimber and Ridgeview Estate can be found where? What do they produce?
Sussex, England
TM sparkling wines
Graham Beck is a TM sparkling producer where?
South Africa
Bugey Cerdon AOP produces what style of wine? Where is it found?
Jura region
Method Ancestral
Describe the method ancestral:
A single fermentation sparkling wine that begins in tank. Before the wine is fermented dry it is transferred to bottle, where the remaining sugar is fermented and creates bubbles. Dosage is not allowed
Clairette de Die AOP would be found where? What style of wine is it known for?
Rhone
Method Ancestral based on Muscat blanc a petit grains (75%)
Gaillac Mosseux Methode Gaillaçoise AOP would be found where? What style of wine is made?
Southern France
Method Ancestral
Describe the Charmat Method?
Wines are fermented, then liqueur di tirage is added to the tank, inducing 2ndary fermentation.
Wines are usually about 5 atmospheres of pressure
What was the first vintage of “Clos de Mesnil”?
1979
What is the max amount of grapes the RM producers may purchase?
5%
“Chétillons” is made from what grape?
Chardonnay
who produces “Chétillons”?
Pierre Peters
Who produces “Substance”?
Jaques Selosse
100% Chardonnay
What size is a pieces barrel?
228L
What size is a Füt barrel?
400L
What size is a demi-muid barrel?
600L
Where is Selosse loacted?
Avize, Cote de Blanc
Where is Salon located?
Les Mesnil-Sur-Oger
What is the Ruinart Prestige Cuvée?
Dom Ruinart
Krug is located in what town?
Reims
Salon is located in what village?
Le Mesnil-sur-Oger
Ruinart is in what village?
Reims
Negociant manipulant (NM)
a producer that purchases grapes, must, or wine to make champagne
Récolant manipulant (RM)
a producer who makes Champagne exclusively from its own vineyards
Récoltant-coopératuer (RC)
a grower that sells grapes to a co-op and then receives finished wines to bottle under their own label
Coopérative de Manipulation (CM)
a co-op that sells wines made from members grapes
Société de Récoltants (SR)
a group of growers, usually family, that make champagne from their collective vineyards
Négociant Distributeur (ND)
a merchant that buys bottles of finished champagne and sells them under their own label
Marque auxiliare (MA)
Buyers own brand
i.e supermarkets that purchase wine and sell it under their own brand
Name the 7 grapes permitted in Chamapgne:
Pinot Noir
Munier
Chardonnay
Pinot Blanc Vrai (True Pinot Blanc)
Arbane
Pinot Gris
Petit Meslier
What is the weight of a marc of grapes?
4000kg
name the 5 regions of Champagne:
Montagne de Reims
Cote de Blancs
Cote de Sezanne
Valle de la Marne
Cote de Bar (Aube)
What is the échelles des crus?
Set pricing for grapes based on a percent range of 80-100 where a villages rank would determine what percentage you would be paid
What is the échelles des crus?
Set pricing for grapes based on a percent range of 80-100 where a villages rank would determine what percentage you would be paid
What year was échelle des cru created?
1911
What year did fix prices of grapes in champagne stop?
1990
What are the first pressing’s of juice called in champagne?
Cuvée
What is the max amount of cuvée that can be pressed in champagne?
2,050 L
What is Tattinger’s Prestige Cuvée?
Comtes de Champagne
How many grams of sugar does it take to create 1 atmosphere of pressure during secondary fermentation?
4 grams
6 atmospheres = 24 grams of sugar
What is the name of the rack used for riddling?
pupitre
What is the name of the underground caves in Champagne?
Crayeres
What are the permitted grapes for rosado Cava?
Garnacha
Monastrell
Pinot Noir
Trepat
What grape of Cava may only be used in rosado cava?
Trepat
what is the highest level of dosage permitted for Cava de Paraje Calificado?
Brut
What are the rules for Corpinat wines?
Hand harvest
organically grown
90% indigenous grapes
18 months on lee’s
What DO is most associated with Cava production?
Penedes DO
Name the Grand Cru Villages of Valle de la Marne:
Aÿ
Tours-sur-Marne
The village of Aÿ is most associated with what grape?
Pinot Noir
Mareuil-sur-Aÿ lies on what river?
Marne River
La Côte Faron is located where?
Aÿ
steep south facing vineyard planted to Pinot Noir