Ch.9 Urinary System

Question 1

What are the three functions of the urinary system?

Answer 1

1. maintaining the proper balance of water, salts, and acids in the body by filtering the blood as it flows through the kidneys
2. constantly filtering the blood to remove urea and other waste materials from the bloodstream
3. converting these wastes products and excess fluids into urine in the kidneys and excreting them from the body

Question 2

What does the urinary system consist of?

Answer 2

1. 2 kidneys
2. 2 ureters
3. bladder
4. urethra

Question 3

constantly filter the blood to remove waste products and excess water

Answer 3

kidneys

Question 4

means pertaining to the kidneys

Answer 4

renal

Question 5

outer region of the kidney which contains over one million microscopic units called nephrons

Answer 5

renal cortex

Question 6

inner region of the kidney, contains most of the urine-collecting tubules

Answer 6

medulla

Question 7

functional unit of the kidney

Answer 7

nephron

Question 8

cluster of capillaries surrounded by a cup-shaped membrane called the Bowman’s capsule

Answer 8

glomerulus

Question 9

pigment that gives urine its normal yellow-amber or straw color

Answer 9

urochrome

Question 10

funnel-shaped area within each kidney that is surrounded by renal cortex and medulla

Answer 10

renal pelvis

Question 11

two narrow tubes which transport urine from the kidney to the bladder

Answer 11

ureters

Question 12

hollow muscular organ that is a reservoir for urine before it is excreted from the body

Answer 12

urinary bladder

Question 13

smooth triangular area on the inner surface of the bladder located btw the openings of the ureters and urethra

Answer 13

trigone

Question 14

tube extending from the bladder to the outside of the body

Answer 14

urethra

Question 15

external opening of the urethra

Answer 15

urethral meatus

Question 16

physician who specializes in disorders of the kidneys

Answer 16

nephrologist

Question 17

physician who specializes in disorders of the urinary system in females and the genitourinary system in males

Answer 17

urologist

Question 18

toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which kidney function if compromised and urea is retained in the blood

Answer 18

uremia

Question 19

sudden onset characterized by uremia, can be caused by many factors

Answer 19

acute renal failure (ARF)

Question 20

progessive loss of renal function, sometimes leading to uremia

Answer 20

chronic renal failure

Question 21

refers to the late stages of chronic renal failure in which there is irreversible loss of function of both kidneys

Answer 21

end-stage renal disease (ESRD)

Question 22

condition in which hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia cause acute renal failure and possibly death

Answer 22

hemolytic uremic syndrome

Question 23

condition in which very high levels of protein are lost in the urine and abnormally low levels of protein are present in the blood

Answer 23

nephrotic syndrome

Question 24

degenerative kidney disease causing nephrotic syndrome without inflammation

Answer 24

nephrosis

Question 25

absence of urine formation by the kidneys

Answer 25

anuria

Question 26

excessive fluid in the body tissues

Answer 26

edema

Question 27

presence of abnormally high concentration of protein in the urine

Answer 27

hyperproteinuria

Question 28

presence of abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood

Answer 28

hypoproteinemia

Question 29

means any disease of the kidney

Answer 29

nephropathy

Question 30

dilation of one or both kidneys, often caused by blockage

Answer 30

hydronephrosis

Question 31

the distention of the pelvis of the kidney

Answer 31

nephrectasis

Question 32

type of kidney disease caused by inflammation of the glomeruli that causes red blood cells and proteins to leak into the urine

Answer 32

glomerulonephritis

Question 33

prolapse of a kidney

Answer 33

nephroptosis

Question 34

suppuration (formation or discharge of pus) of the kidney

Answer 34

nephropyosis

Question 35

genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys

Answer 35

polycystic kidney disease

Question 36

acute pain in the kidney area that is caused by blockage during the passage of a kidney stone

Answer 36

renal colic

Question 37

malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in young children

Answer 37

Wilms tumor

Question 38

the presence of stones in the kidney

Answer 38

nephrolithiasis

Question 39

kidney stone

Answer 39

nephrolith

Question 40

stone located anywhere along the ureter

Answer 40

ureterolith

Question 41

stone located within the urinary bladder

Answer 41

cystolith

Question 42

distension of the ureter with urine that cannot flow bc the ureter is blocked

Answer 42

hydroureter

Question 43

distension of a ureter

Answer 43

ureterectasis

Question 44

the discharge of blood from the ureter

Answer 44

ureterorrhagia

Question 45

inflammation of the bladder

Answer 45

cystitis

Question 46

inflammation of both the renal pelvis and kidneys

Answer 46

pyelonephritits

Question 47

chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder

Answer 47

interstitial cystitis

Question 48

abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina that allows the constant flow of urine from the bladder into the vagina

Answer 48

vesicovaginal fistula

Question 49

urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination

Answer 49

neurogenic bladder

Question 50

congenital abnormality of the urethral opening-males upper surface of penis, females-clitoris

Answer 50

epispadias

Question 51

congenital abnormality of the urethral opening-males-under surface of penis, females-into vagina

Answer 51

hypospadias

Question 52

congential abnormality in males in which the urethral opening is on the side of the penis

Answer 52

paraspadias

Question 53

abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland that occurs most often in me over age 50

Answer 53

benign prostatic hypertrophy

Question 54

condition of having symptoms resulting from compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatic hypertrophy

Answer 54

prostatism

Question 55

increased output of urine

Answer 55

diuresis

Question 56

difficult or painful urination

Answer 56

dysuria

Question 57

involuntary discharge of urine

Answer 57

enuresis

Question 58

urinary incontinence during sleep

Answer 58

nocturnal enuresis

Question 59

excessive urination during the night

Answer 59

nocturia

Question 60

scanty urination

Answer 60

oliguria

Question 61

excessive urination

Answer 61

polyuria

Question 62

removal of an overgrowth of tissue from the prostate gland through a resectoscope

Answer 62

transurethral prostatectomy