Ch.9 Urinary System Flashcards
What are the three functions of the urinary system?
- maintaining the proper balance of water, salts, and acids in the body by filtering the blood as it flows through the kidneys
- constantly filtering the blood to remove urea and other waste materials from the bloodstream
- converting these wastes products and excess fluids into urine in the kidneys and excreting them from the body
What does the urinary system consist of?
- 2 kidneys
- 2 ureters
- bladder
- urethra
constantly filter the blood to remove waste products and excess water
kidneys
means pertaining to the kidneys
renal
outer region of the kidney which contains over one million microscopic units called nephrons
renal cortex
inner region of the kidney, contains most of the urine-collecting tubules
medulla
functional unit of the kidney
nephron
cluster of capillaries surrounded by a cup-shaped membrane called the Bowman’s capsule
glomerulus
pigment that gives urine its normal yellow-amber or straw color
urochrome
funnel-shaped area within each kidney that is surrounded by renal cortex and medulla
renal pelvis
two narrow tubes which transport urine from the kidney to the bladder
ureters
hollow muscular organ that is a reservoir for urine before it is excreted from the body
urinary bladder
smooth triangular area on the inner surface of the bladder located btw the openings of the ureters and urethra
trigone
tube extending from the bladder to the outside of the body
urethra
external opening of the urethra
urethral meatus
physician who specializes in disorders of the kidneys
nephrologist
physician who specializes in disorders of the urinary system in females and the genitourinary system in males
urologist
toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which kidney function if compromised and urea is retained in the blood
uremia
sudden onset characterized by uremia, can be caused by many factors
acute renal failure (ARF)
progessive loss of renal function, sometimes leading to uremia
chronic renal failure
refers to the late stages of chronic renal failure in which there is irreversible loss of function of both kidneys
end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
condition in which hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia cause acute renal failure and possibly death
hemolytic uremic syndrome
condition in which very high levels of protein are lost in the urine and abnormally low levels of protein are present in the blood
nephrotic syndrome
degenerative kidney disease causing nephrotic syndrome without inflammation
nephrosis
absence of urine formation by the kidneys
anuria
excessive fluid in the body tissues
edema
presence of abnormally high concentration of protein in the urine
hyperproteinuria
presence of abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood
hypoproteinemia
means any disease of the kidney
nephropathy
dilation of one or both kidneys, often caused by blockage
hydronephrosis
the distention of the pelvis of the kidney
nephrectasis
type of kidney disease caused by inflammation of the glomeruli that causes red blood cells and proteins to leak into the urine
glomerulonephritis
prolapse of a kidney
nephroptosis
suppuration (formation or discharge of pus) of the kidney
nephropyosis
genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys
polycystic kidney disease
acute pain in the kidney area that is caused by blockage during the passage of a kidney stone
renal colic
malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in young children
Wilms tumor
the presence of stones in the kidney
nephrolithiasis
kidney stone
nephrolith
stone located anywhere along the ureter
ureterolith
stone located within the urinary bladder
cystolith
distension of the ureter with urine that cannot flow bc the ureter is blocked
hydroureter
distension of a ureter
ureterectasis
the discharge of blood from the ureter
ureterorrhagia
inflammation of the bladder
cystitis
inflammation of both the renal pelvis and kidneys
pyelonephritits
chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder
interstitial cystitis
abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina that allows the constant flow of urine from the bladder into the vagina
vesicovaginal fistula
urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination
neurogenic bladder
congenital abnormality of the urethral opening-males upper surface of penis, females-clitoris
epispadias
congenital abnormality of the urethral opening-males-under surface of penis, females-into vagina
hypospadias
congential abnormality in males in which the urethral opening is on the side of the penis
paraspadias
abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland that occurs most often in me over age 50
benign prostatic hypertrophy
condition of having symptoms resulting from compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatic hypertrophy
prostatism
increased output of urine
diuresis
difficult or painful urination
dysuria
involuntary discharge of urine
enuresis
urinary incontinence during sleep
nocturnal enuresis
excessive urination during the night
nocturia
scanty urination
oliguria
excessive urination
polyuria
removal of an overgrowth of tissue from the prostate gland through a resectoscope
transurethral prostatectomy
