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Medical Terminology > Ch.9 Urinary System > Flashcards

Ch.9 Urinary System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What are the three functions of the urinary system?

A
  1. maintaining the proper balance of water, salts, and acids in the body by filtering the blood as it flows through the kidneys
  2. constantly filtering the blood to remove urea and other waste materials from the bloodstream
  3. converting these wastes products and excess fluids into urine in the kidneys and excreting them from the body
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2
Q

What does the urinary system consist of?

A
  1. 2 kidneys
  2. 2 ureters
  3. bladder
  4. urethra
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3
Q

constantly filter the blood to remove waste products and excess water

A

kidneys

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4
Q

means pertaining to the kidneys

A

renal

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5
Q

outer region of the kidney which contains over one million microscopic units called nephrons

A

renal cortex

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6
Q

inner region of the kidney, contains most of the urine-collecting tubules

A

medulla

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7
Q

functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

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8
Q

cluster of capillaries surrounded by a cup-shaped membrane called the Bowman’s capsule

A

glomerulus

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9
Q

pigment that gives urine its normal yellow-amber or straw color

A

urochrome

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10
Q

funnel-shaped area within each kidney that is surrounded by renal cortex and medulla

A

renal pelvis

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11
Q

two narrow tubes which transport urine from the kidney to the bladder

A

ureters

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12
Q

hollow muscular organ that is a reservoir for urine before it is excreted from the body

A

urinary bladder

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13
Q

smooth triangular area on the inner surface of the bladder located btw the openings of the ureters and urethra

A

trigone

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14
Q

tube extending from the bladder to the outside of the body

A

urethra

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15
Q

external opening of the urethra

A

urethral meatus

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16
Q

physician who specializes in disorders of the kidneys

A

nephrologist

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17
Q

physician who specializes in disorders of the urinary system in females and the genitourinary system in males

A

urologist

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18
Q

toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which kidney function if compromised and urea is retained in the blood

A

uremia

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19
Q

sudden onset characterized by uremia, can be caused by many factors

A

acute renal failure (ARF)

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20
Q

progessive loss of renal function, sometimes leading to uremia

A

chronic renal failure

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21
Q

refers to the late stages of chronic renal failure in which there is irreversible loss of function of both kidneys

A

end-stage renal disease (ESRD)

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22
Q

condition in which hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia cause acute renal failure and possibly death

A

hemolytic uremic syndrome

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23
Q

condition in which very high levels of protein are lost in the urine and abnormally low levels of protein are present in the blood

A

nephrotic syndrome

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24
Q

degenerative kidney disease causing nephrotic syndrome without inflammation

A

nephrosis

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25
Q

absence of urine formation by the kidneys

A

anuria

26
Q

excessive fluid in the body tissues

A

edema

27
Q

presence of abnormally high concentration of protein in the urine

A

hyperproteinuria

28
Q

presence of abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood

A

hypoproteinemia

29
Q

means any disease of the kidney

A

nephropathy

30
Q

dilation of one or both kidneys, often caused by blockage

A

hydronephrosis

31
Q

the distention of the pelvis of the kidney

A

nephrectasis

32
Q

type of kidney disease caused by inflammation of the glomeruli that causes red blood cells and proteins to leak into the urine

A

glomerulonephritis

33
Q

prolapse of a kidney

A

nephroptosis

34
Q

suppuration (formation or discharge of pus) of the kidney

A

nephropyosis

35
Q

genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys

A

polycystic kidney disease

36
Q

acute pain in the kidney area that is caused by blockage during the passage of a kidney stone

A

renal colic

37
Q

malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in young children

A

Wilms tumor

38
Q

the presence of stones in the kidney

A

nephrolithiasis

39
Q

kidney stone

A

nephrolith

40
Q

stone located anywhere along the ureter

A

ureterolith

41
Q

stone located within the urinary bladder

A

cystolith

42
Q

distension of the ureter with urine that cannot flow bc the ureter is blocked

A

hydroureter

43
Q

distension of a ureter

A

ureterectasis

44
Q

the discharge of blood from the ureter

A

ureterorrhagia

45
Q

inflammation of the bladder

A

cystitis

46
Q

inflammation of both the renal pelvis and kidneys

A

pyelonephritits

47
Q

chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder

A

interstitial cystitis

48
Q

abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina that allows the constant flow of urine from the bladder into the vagina

A

vesicovaginal fistula

49
Q

urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination

A

neurogenic bladder

50
Q

congenital abnormality of the urethral opening-males upper surface of penis, females-clitoris

A

epispadias

51
Q

congenital abnormality of the urethral opening-males-under surface of penis, females-into vagina

A

hypospadias

52
Q

congential abnormality in males in which the urethral opening is on the side of the penis

A

paraspadias

53
Q

abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland that occurs most often in me over age 50

A

benign prostatic hypertrophy

54
Q

condition of having symptoms resulting from compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatic hypertrophy

A

prostatism

55
Q

increased output of urine

A

diuresis

56
Q

difficult or painful urination

A

dysuria

57
Q

involuntary discharge of urine

A

enuresis

58
Q

urinary incontinence during sleep

A

nocturnal enuresis

59
Q

excessive urination during the night

A

nocturia

60
Q

scanty urination

A

oliguria

61
Q

excessive urination

A

polyuria

62
Q

removal of an overgrowth of tissue from the prostate gland through a resectoscope

A

transurethral prostatectomy

Medical Terminology (16 decks)

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