Ch.4 Muscular System Flashcards
List the functions of the muscular system
- hold body erect and make movement possible
- generate heat
- move food through digestive system
- move blood through veins
- move fluids through ducts and tubes associated with other body systems
The long slender cells that make up muscles
muscle fibers
Sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscles or groups of muscles
fascia
pertaining to muscle tissue and fascia
myofascial
narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone
tendon
Type of muscle tissue that are attached to the bones of the skeleton and make body motions possible
skeletal muscle
type of muscle tissue that are known as voluntary muscles bc we have conscious control over them
skeletal muscle
Type of muscle tissue that is also known as striated muscles bc the dark and light bands in the muscle make a striped appearance
skeletal muscle
what are the three types of muscle tissue?
- skeletal
- smooth
- myocardial
type of muscle tissue located in the walls of internal organs whose function is to move and control the flow of fluids through them.
smooth muscle
type of muscle know as involuntary, unstriated, and visceral
smooth muscle
type of muscle tissue that forms the walls of the heart
myocardial muscle
stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve is called?
muscle innervation
pertaining to the relationship btw nerve and muscle
neuromuscular
The less moveable attachment point where a muscle begins, closest to midline
origin
the more moveable attachment where a muscle ends, farthest from midline
insertion
Means slanted or at an angle (muscles can be named this bc there fibers run this way)
oblique
Mean in straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body
rectus
ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway
sphincter
crosswise direction
transverse
a specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs, as well as administer medical tests to promote fitness.
exercise physiologist
physician who specializes in treating the causes of paralysis and similar disorders where there is loss of function
neurologist
physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehab with the focus on restoring function
physiatrist
physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of arthritis and disorders such as osteoporosis, fibromyalgia, and tendonitis
rheumatologist
physician who specializes in treating sports-related injuries
sports medicine physician
medical term for a herniation
myocele
neuromuscular disorder which causes slow relaxation of the muscles after voluntary contraction
myotonia
permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissue is replaced with non-elastic fibrous tissue.
contracture
pain in the leg muscles during exercise and is relieved by rest, due to poor circulation and associated with peripheral vascular disease
intermittent claudication
stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side
spasmodic torticollis
term for extreme slowness in movement, a symptom of Parkinson’s
bradykinesia
term for distortion or impairment of voluntary movement such as in a tic or spasm
dyskinesia
jerking of limbs that can occur normally as a person is falling asleep
nocturnal myoclonus
medical term for hiccups
singultus
chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles
myasthenia gravis
chronic pain disorder caused by the development of trigger points
myofascial pain syndrome
harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist
ganglion cyst
weakness or slight muscular paralysis
myoparesis
slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body
hemiparesis
total paralysis affecting only one side of the body
hemiplegia
paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body
paraplegia
paralysis of all four extremities
quadriplegia
paralysis of heart muscle or cardiac arrest
cardioplegia
diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation
electromyography
diagnostic procedure for testing and recording neuromuscular activity by the electric stimulation of the nerve truck that carries fibers to and from the muscle
electroneuromyography
medication administered to suppress smooth muscle contractions of the stomach, intestine, or bladder
antispasmodic
medication administered to relax certain muscles and to relieve the stiffness, pain, and discomfort caused by injury
skeletal muscle relaxant
drug that causes temporary paralysis by blocking the transmission of nerve stimuli to the muscles
neuromuscular blocker
therapy that promotes recovery and rehab to perform activities of daily living
occupational therapy
treatment to prevent disability or to restore function through the use exercise, heat, massage, and other methods
physical therapy
