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Medical Terminology > Ch. 12 Integumentary System > Flashcards

Ch. 12 Integumentary System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

sebaceous glands

A

secrete sebum (oil) that lubricates the skin and discourages the growth of bacteria on the skin

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2
Q

sweat glands

A

help regulate body temp and water content by secreting sweat, a small amount of metabolic waste is also secreted

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3
Q

what does hair help with?

A

helps control the loss of body heat

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4
Q

what do nails do?

A

protects the dorsal surface of the last bone of each toe and finger

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5
Q

epidermis

A

the outermost layer of skin

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6
Q

epithelial tissues

A

for a protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body

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7
Q

squamous epithelial tissue

A

forms the upper layer of the epidermis, consists of flat, scaly cells that are continuously shed

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8
Q

keratin

A

fibrous, water-repellent protein. Soft keratin is a primary component of the epidermis, hard keratin is found in the hair and nails.

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9
Q

melanocytes

A

cells in the basal layer that produce and contain a dark brown to black pigment called melanin

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10
Q

dermis

A

thick layer of living tissue directly below the epidermis, it contains connective tissue, blood and lymph vessels, and nerve fibers

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11
Q

sensory nerve endings

A

sensory receptors stimuli such as touch, temp, pain, and pressure

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12
Q

collagen

A

means glue, a tough, yet flexible, fibrous protein material found in the skin and in the bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments

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13
Q

mast cells

A

found in connective tissue of the dermis, respond to injury, infection, or allergy by producing and releasing substances, including heparin and histamine

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14
Q

heparin

A

released in response to an injury, anticoagulant

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15
Q

histamine

A

released in response to allergens, causes the signs of an allergic response, including itching and increased mucus secretion

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16
Q

subcutaneous layer

A

located just below the skin, connects the skin to the surface muscles

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17
Q

hidrosis

A

the production and excretion of sweat

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18
Q

arrector pili

A

tiny muscle fibers attached to the hair follicles that case the hair to stand erect

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19
Q

unguis

A

finger nail or toenail

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20
Q

lunula

A

pale half-moon shaped region at every nail root, active area of the nail where new keratin cells form

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21
Q

comedo

A

noninfected lesion formed by the buildup of sebum and keratin in a hair follicle

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22
Q

anhidrosis

A

abnormal condition of lacking sweat in response to hear

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23
Q

diaphoresis

A

profuse sweating

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24
Q

hyperhidrosis

A

a condition of sweating in one area or over the whole body

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25
Q

miliaria

A

heat rash or prickly heat, an intensely itchy rash caused by blockage of the sweat glands by bacteria and dead cells

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26
Q

sleep hyperhidrosis

A

night sweats, occurrence of excessive hyperhidrosis during sleep

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27
Q

hirsutism

A

presence of excessive body and facial hair in women, usually occurring in a male pattern

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28
Q

alopecia

A

baldness

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29
Q

alopecia areata

A

autoimmune disorder that attacks the hair follicles, causing well-defined bald areas on the scalp or elsewhere on the body

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30
Q

alopecia capitis totalis

A

uncommon condition characterized by the loss of all the hair on the scalp

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31
Q

alopecia universalis

A

the total loss of hair on all parts of the body

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32
Q

clubbing

A

abnormal curving of the nails that is often accompanied by enlargement of the fingertips

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33
Q

koilonychia

A

spoon nail, malformation of the nails in which the outer surface is concave or scooped out like the bowl of spoon

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34
Q

onychia

A

inflammation of the matrix of the nail that usually results in the loss of the nail

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35
Q

onychocryptosis

A

ingrown toenail, the edges of a toenail, usually on the big toe, curve inward and cut into the skin

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36
Q

onychomycosis

A

fungal infection of the nail

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37
Q

onychophagia

A

nail biting or eating

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38
Q

paronychia

A

an acute or chronic infection of the skin fold around a nail

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39
Q

chloasma

A

a pigmentation disorder characterized by brownish spots on the face, can occur during pregnancy

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40
Q

melanosis

A

any condition of unusual deposits of black pigment in different parts of the body

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41
Q

vitiligo

A

skin condition resulting from the destruction of the melanocytes due to unknown causes, characterized by irregular patches of white skin, hair in that area will also be white

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42
Q

ecchymosis

A

bruise

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43
Q

purpura

A

the appearance of multiple purple discolorations on the skin caused by bleeding underneath the skin

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44
Q

petechiae

A

very small pinpoint hemorrhages that are less than 2mm in diameter, sometimes result in high fevers

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45
Q

hematoma

A

usually caused by injury, is a swelling of clotted blood trapped in the tissues

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46
Q

lesion

A

a pathologic change of the tissues due to disease or injury

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47
Q

crust

A

scab, collection of dried serum and cellular debris

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48
Q

macule

A

discolored flat spot that is less than 1cm in diameter, freckles, flat moles

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49
Q

nodule

A

solid, raised skin lesion that is larger than 0.5cm in diameter and deeper than a papule, can cause scarring as acne

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50
Q

papule

A

small raised red lesion that is less than 0.5cm and does not contain pus, small pimple and insect bites

51
Q

plaque

A

scaly, solid raised area of closely space papules, psoriasis

52
Q

scales

A

flakes or dry patches made up of excess dead epidermal cells

53
Q

verrucae

A

warts, small hard lesions caused by HPV

54
Q

wheal

A

welt, small bump that itches, can appear as a symptom of an allergic reaction

55
Q

abscess

A

closed pocket containing pus that is caused by a bacteria infection

56
Q

cyst

A

abnormal sac containing gas, fluid, or a semisolid material

57
Q

pustule

A

pimple, small circumscribed lesion containing pus

58
Q

vesicle

A

small blister, less than 0.5sm containing watery fluid, poison ivy

59
Q

bulla

A

large blister that is usually more than 0.5cm

60
Q

abrasion

A

an injury in which superficial layers of skin are scraped or rubbed away

61
Q

pressure sore

A

bedsore, ulcerated area in which prolonged pressure has caused tissue death

62
Q

fissure

A

a groove or crack-like break in the skin

63
Q

laceration

A

a torn or jagged wound, or an accidental cut wound

64
Q

ulcer

A

an open lesion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting in tissue loss around the edges

65
Q

port-wine stain

A

a large, reddish-purple discoloration of the face or neck

66
Q

strawberry hemangioma

A

a soft, raised, dark-reddish-purple birthmark

67
Q

dermatitis

A

inflammation of the skin

68
Q

contact dermatitis

A

a localized allergic response caused by contact with an irritant, diaper rash

69
Q

eczema

A

a form of persistent or recurring dermatitis that is usually characterized by redness, itching, and dryness, with possible blistering, cracking, oozing, or bleeding, appears to be an abnormal response of the body’s immune system

70
Q

pruritus

A

itching, associated with most form of dermatitis

71
Q

erythema

A

redness of the skin due to capillary dilation

72
Q

erythroderma

A

abnormal redness of the entire skin surface

73
Q

exfoliative dermatitis

A

condition in which there is widespread scaling of the skin, often with pruritus, erythroderma, and hair loss, may occur in severe cases of many common skin conditions

74
Q

dermatosis

A

a general term used to denote skin lesions or eruptions of any type that are not associated with inflammation

75
Q

ichthyosis

A

a group of hereditary disorders characterized by dry, thickened, and scaly skin, caused by either the slowing of the skin’s natural shedding process or by a rapid increase in the production of the skin’s cells

76
Q

lipedema

A

a chronic abnormal condition that is characterized by the accumulation of fat and fluid in the tissues just under the skin of the hips and legs

77
Q

lupus erythematosus

A

lupus, autoimmune disorder characterized by a red, scaly rash on the face and upper trunk, also attacks connective tissue in other body systems, especially the joints

78
Q

psoriasis

A

common skin disorder characterized by flare-ups in which red papules covered with silvery scales occur on the elbows, knees, scalp, back , or butt

79
Q

rosacea

A

adult acne, characterized by tiny red pimples and broken blood vessels, chronic and usually develops in those with fair skin btw 30-60 years old

80
Q

rhinophyma

A

usually occurs in older men, characterized by hyperplasia (overgrowth) of the tissues of the nose and is associated with advanced rosacea

81
Q

scleroderma

A

an autoimmune disorder in which the connective tissues become thickened and hardened, causing the skin to become hard and swollen

82
Q

urticaria

A

hives, itchy wheals caused by an allergic reaction

83
Q

xeroderma

A

excessively dry skin

84
Q

carbuncle

A

cluster of connected furuncles

85
Q

cellulitis

A

acute, rapidly spreading infection within the connective tissues that is characterized by malaise, swelling, warmth and red streaks

86
Q

furuncles

A

boils, are large tender, swollen areas caused by a staph infection around hair follicles or sebaceous glands

87
Q

gangrene

A

tissue death most commonly caused by a loss of circulation to the affected tissues, followed by bacterial invasion

88
Q

impetigo

A

highly contagious bacterial skin infection that commonly occurs in children

89
Q

necrotizing fasciitis

A

severe infection caused by Group A strep bacteria (flesh-eating bacteria)

90
Q

pyoderma

A

any acute, inflammatory, pus-forming bacterial skin infection such as impetigo

91
Q

tinea

A

ring-worm bc it spreads in a worm-like circle, a fungal infection that can grow on the skin, hair or nails

92
Q

tinea capitis

A

found on the scalps of children

93
Q

tinea corporis

A

fungal infection of the skin on the body

94
Q

tinea cruris

A

jock itch, found in the genital area

95
Q

tinea pedis

A

athletes foot, found btw the toes and on the feet

96
Q

tinea versicolor

A

fungal infection that causes painless, discolored areas on the skin

97
Q

infestation

A

the dwelling of microscopic parasites on external surface tissue

98
Q

pediculosis

A

an infestation with lice

99
Q

scabies

A

skin infection caused by an infestation with the itch mite, which causes small itchy bumps and blisters due to tiny mites that burrow into the top layer of skin to lay their eggs

100
Q

callus

A

thickening of part of the skin on the hands or feet caused by repeated rubbing

101
Q

cicatrix

A

normal scar resulting from the healing of a wound

102
Q

granulation tissue

A

the tissue that normally forms during the healing of a wound

103
Q

granuloma

A

a general term used to describe small, knot-like swellings of granulation tissue

104
Q

keloid

A

an abnormally raised or thickened scar that expands beyond the boundaries of the incision

105
Q

keratosis

A

any skin growth, such as a wart or callus, in which there is overgrowth and thickening of the skin

106
Q

lipoma

A

a benign, slow-growing fatty tumor located btw the skin ad the muscle layer

107
Q

nevi

A

moles, small, dark, skin growths that develop from melanocytes in the skin

108
Q

papilloma

A

benign, superficial wart-like growth on the epithelial tissue or elsewhere in the body, such as the bladder

109
Q

polyp

A

general term used most commonly to describe a mushroom-like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane

110
Q

skin tags

A

small, flesh-colored or light-brown polyps that hand form the body by fine stalks

111
Q

actinic keratosis

A

precancerous skin growth that occurs on sun-damaged skin, often looks like a red scaly patch and feels like sandpaper

112
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis, most common and least harmful bc it is slow-growing and rarely spreads to other parts of the body, the lesions mainly appear on the face or neck and tend to bleed easily

113
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

originates as a malignant tumor of the scaly squamous cells of the epithelium, can quickly spread to other body systems, begins as sores that will not heal or have a crusted look

114
Q

malignant melanoma

A

type of skin cancer that occurs in the melanocytes, most serious type of skin cancer and the first signs are changes in a mole

115
Q

curettage

A

the removal of material from the surface by scaping

116
Q

debridement

A

removal of dirt, foreign objects, damaged tissue, and cellular debris from a wound to prevent infection and to promote healing

117
Q

dermabrasion

A

a form of abrasion involving the use of a revolving wire brush or sandpaper, used to remove acne and chickenpox scars as well as for facial skin rejuvenation

118
Q

mohs surgery

A

technique used to treat skin cancer, individual layers of cancer tissue are removed and examined under a microscope one at a time until all cancerous tissue has been removed

119
Q

blepharoplasty

A

lid lift, the surgical reduction of the upper and lower eyelids

120
Q

dermatoplasty

A

skin graft, the replacement of damaged skin with healthy tissue taken from a donor site on the patient’s body

121
Q

electrolysis

A

the use of electric current to destroy hair follicles in order to produce the relatively permanent removal of undesired hair

122
Q

rhytidectomy

A

facelift, surgical removal of excess skin and fat around that face to eliminate wrinkles

123
Q

sclerotherapy

A

treatment of spider veins

Medical Terminology (16 decks)

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