Ch. 14 Reproductive System Flashcards
the organs of reproduction and their associated structures
genitalia
external surface region in both males and females btw the pubic symphysis and the coccyx
perineum
saclike structure that surrounds, protects, and supports the testicles
scrotum
two small egg-shaped glands that produce the sperm
testicles
where sperm is formed within each testicle
seminiferous tubules
coiled tube at the upper part of each testicle
epididymis
extends upward from the epididymis and is attached to each testicle, contains a vas deferens plus arteries, veins, nerves, and lymphatic vessels
spermatic cord
the long narrow continuations of each epididymis
vas deferens
glands that secrete a thick, yellow substance to nourish the sperm cells
seminal vesicles
lies under the bladder and surrounds the end of the urethra in the region where the vas deferens enters the urethra
prostate gland
glands that secrete a fluid known as pre-ejaculate that helps flush out any residual urine or foreign matter in the urethra as well as lubricates the urethra
bulbourethral glands
the process of sperm formation
spermatogenesis
inflammation of the glans penis that is usually caused by poor hygiene in men who have not had the foreskin removed
balanitis
narrowing of the opening of the foreskin so it cannot be retracted to expose the glans penis
philmosis
form of sexual dysfunction in which the penis is bent or curved during an erection
Peyronie’s disease
male menopause caused y the decrease of the male hormone testosterone
andropause
absence of one or both testicles
anorchism
developmental defect in which one or both of the testicles fail to descend into their normal position
cryptorchidism
fluid-filled sac in the scrotum along the spermatic cord leading form the testicles
hydrocele
painful erection that lasts 4 hours or more but is not accompanied by sexual excitement
priapism
cyst that develops in the epididymis and is filled with a milky fluid containing sperm
spermatocele
most common cancer in american males btw 15-34 years
testicular cancer
sharp pain in the scrotum caused by twisting of the vas deferens and blood vessels leading into the testicle
testicular torsion
a knot of varicose veins in one side of the scrotum
varicocele
absence of sperm in the semen
azoospermia
presence of blood in the seminal fluid
hemospermia
the surgical removal of one or both testicles
orchidectomy
endoscopic surgery to move an undescended testicle into its normal position in the scrotum
orchiopexy
the removal of a portion of an enlarged vein to relieve a varicocele
varicocelectomy
surgical removal or destruction of both testicles
castration
procedure performed as an attempt to restore fertility to a vasectomized male
vasovasostomy
most commonly reported STD in the US, causes damage to reproductive organs in females, and causes urethritis in male
chlamydia
condition in which there is an abnormal overgrowth of certain bacteria in the vagina
bacterial vaginosis
rounded fleshy prominence located over the pubic symphysis in females
mons pubis
collective name of the labia, clitoris, bartholins glands, and vaginal orifice
vulva
vaginal lips
labia majora and labia minora
organ of sensitive erectile tissue located anterior to the urethral meatus and the vaginal orifice
clitoris
produce a muscus secreation to lubricate teh vagina
Bartholin’s glands
the mucous membrane that partially covers the vaginal orifice before she has had intercourse
hymen
milk producing glands that develop during puberty
mammary glands
carry milk from the mammary glands to the nipple
lactiferous ducts
fluid-filled sac containing a single ovum
follicle
female gametes (eggs)
ova
tubes that extend from the upper end of the uterus to a point near, but not attached to, an ovary
fallopian tubes
funnel-like opening into the fallopian tube near the ovary
infundibulum
fringed, finger-like extensions of the infundibulum, whose role is to catch the mature ovum when it leaves the ovary
fimbriae
pear-shaped organ with muscular walls and a mucous membrane with a rich supply of blood vessels
uterus
the bulging rounded part of the uterus above the entrance of the fallopian tubes
fundus
body of the uterus
corpus
lower narrow portion of the uterus that extends into the vagina
cervix
tough membranous outer later of the uterus
perimetrium
the middle muscular layer of the uterus
myometrium
inner layer of the uterus, consisting of specialized epithelial mucosa rich in blood vessels
endometrium
muscular tube lined with mucosa that extends from the cervix to the outside of the body
vagina
the beginning of the menstrual function
menarche
term used to designate the transition phase btw regular menstrual periods and no periods at all
perimenopause
physician who specializes in disorders of eh female reproductive system
gynecologist
physician who specializes in providing medical care to women during pregnancy, childbirth, and immediately after
obstetrician
physician who specializes in newborns
neonatologist
physician who specializes in treating children
pediatrician
the absence of ovulation when it would be normally expected
anovulation
inflammation of an ovary
oophoritis
rupture of an ovary
ovariorrhexis
any inflammation of the female reproductive organs that is not associated with surgery or pregnancy
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
condition caused by a hormonal imbalance in which the ovaries are enlarged by the presence of many cysts formed by incompletely developed follicles
polycystic ovary syndrome
accumulation of pus in the fallopian tube
pyosalpinx
inflammation of a fallopian tube
salpingitis
condition in which patches of endometrial tissue escape the uterus and become attached to other structures in the pelvic cavity
endometriosis
an abnormal discharge, such as mucus or pus, from the uterus
metrorrhea
benign tumor composed of muscle and fibrous tissue that occurs in the wall of the uterus
uterine fibroid
condition in which the uterus slides from its normal position in the pelvic cavity and sags into the vagina
uterine prolapse
second most common cancer in women and usually affects ages 45-65
cervical cancer
growth of abnormal cells in the cervix
cervical dysplasia
inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the cervix
endocervicitis
tearing or laceration of the vaginal wall
colporrhexis
profuse, whitish mucus discharge from the uterus and vagina
leukorrhea
vaginal infection caused by a yeast-like fungus
vaginal candidiasis
condition of severe itching of the external female genitalia
pruritus vulvae
syndrome of unknown cause that is characterized by chronic burning, pain during sex, itching, or stinging irritation of the vulva
vulvodynia
round, firm, rubbery mass that arises from excess growth of glandular and connective tissue in the breast
fibroadenoma
the presence of a single or multiple benign cysts in the breasts
fibrocystic breast disease
the production of breast milk in a woman who is not breastfeeding
galactorrhea
pain in the breast
mastalgia
breast infection that is most frequently caused by bacteria that enter the breast tissue during breastfeeding
mastitis
abnormal absence of menstrual periods for 3 or more months
amenorrhea
pain caused during a menstrual period
dysmenorrhea
excessive amount of menstrual flow over a period of more than 7 days
hypermenorrhea
an unusually small amount of menstrual flow during a shortened regular menstrual period
hypomenorrhea
excessive uterine bleeding at both the usual time of menstrual periods and at other irregular intervals
menometrorrhagia
term used to describe infrequent or very light menstruation in a woman with previously normal periods
oligomenorrhea
occurrence of menstrual cycles more frequently than is normal
polymenorrhea
condition associated with severe emotional and physical problems that are closely linked to the menstrual cycle
premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
direct visual examination of the tissues of the cervix and vagina
colposcopy
radiographic examination of the uterus and fallopian tubes
hysterosalpingography
exfoliative biopsy of the detection of conditions that can be early indicators of cervical cancer, aka pap smear
papanicolaou test
surgical sterilization procedure which the fallopian tubes are sealed or cut to prevent sperm from reaching a mature ovum
tubal ligation
surgical removal of a cone-shaped specimen of tissue from the cervix
conization
surgical procedure in which the cervix is dilated and the endometrium of the uterus is scarped away, known as D & C
dilation and curettage
surgical removal of uterine fibroids
myomectomy
secretes progesterone during the second half of menstrual cycle, which maintains the growth of the uterine lining in prep for fertilized egg
corpus luteum
term for sex
coitus
if sperm fertilizes an ovum it is known as…
zygote
from implantation through the 8th week of pregnancy the developing child is known as a…
embryo
from week 9 til birth the developing child is known as a …
fetus
thin outer membrane that encloses the embryo
chorion
temporary organ that forms within the uterus to allow the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products btw mother and fetus without allowing blood to mix
placenta
innermost membrane that surrounds the embryo in the uterus
amniotic sac
term for a woman who has never been pregnant
nulligravida
a woman who has never borne a viable child
nullipara
a woman during her first pregnancy
primigravida
a woman who has borne one viable child
primipara
means a woman who has given birth two or more times
multiparous
the time from the delivery of the placenta through approx the first 6 weeks after delivery
puerperium
the postpartum vaginal discharge that typically continues for 4-6 weeks after childbirth
lochia
the return of the uterus to its normal size and former condition after delivery
uterine involution
specialized form of milk that delivers essential nutrients and antibodies in a form that the newborn can digest, for the first few days only
colostrum
term for newborn infant during first 4 weeks
neonate
greasy substance that protects the fetus in utero and can still be present at birth
vernix
greenish material that collects in the intestine of a fetus and forms the first stools of a newborn
meconium
scale of 1-10 to evaluate a newborns physical status at 1-5 minutes after birth
apgar scale
complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, edema, and proteinuria, also called pregnancy-induced hypertension
preeclampsia
complication of pregnancy characterized by convulsions and sometimes coma, treatment is delivery of fetus
eclampsia
abnormal disorder in which the placenta separates from the uterine wall before the birth of the fetus
abruptio placentae
abnormal implantation of the placenta in the lower portion of the uterus
placenta previa
surgical incision made through the perineum to enlarge the vaginal orifice to prevent tearing of the tissues as the infant moves out of the birth canal
episiotomy
surgical suturing to repair an episiotomy
episiorrhaphy
