Ch.3-Skeletal System Flashcards
1
Q
What does the skeletal system consist of?
A
bones, bone marrow, cartilage, joints, ligaments, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, and bursa
2
Q
What are 5 functions of the skeletal system?
A
- framework for the body
- support and protect internal organs
- allow for body movement
- store calcium
- store red bone marrow
3
Q
The tough fibrous tissue that forms the outmost covering of bone.
A
Periosteum
4
Q
The dense, hard, and very strong bone layer that forms the protective out layer.
A
Compact bone
5
Q
Lighter, and less strong type of bone that is commonly found in the ends and inner portions of long bones.
A
Spongy bone
6
Q
Cavity located in the shaft of a long bone and is surrounded by compact bone
A
Medullary cavity
7
Q
Tissue that lines the medullary cavity.
A
Endosteum
8
Q
Located within the spongy bone and manufactures red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and thrombocytes.
A
Red bone marrow
9
Q
Located within the medullary cavity and functions as a fat storage area.
A
Yellow bone marrow
10
Q
Smooth, rubbery, blue-white connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones, and makes up the flexible parts of the skeleton.
A
cartilage
11
Q
Covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to form joints.
A
articular cartilage
12
Q
Curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints, such as the knee, and jaw.
A
meniscus
13
Q
The shaft of a long bone
A
diaphysis
14
Q
Wide end of the long bone, covered in articular cartilage.
A
epiphysis
15
Q
Opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass.
A
foramen
16
Q
Normal projection on the surface of a bone that serves as an attachment for muscles and tendons.
A
process
17
Q
The place of union between two or more bones
A
Joints or articulations
18
Q
Inflexible layers of dense connective tissues which holds the bones tightly together, such as in the skull.
A
fibrous joints or sutures
19
Q
Flexible soft spots present on the skull of newborns.
A
fontanelles
20
Q
Type of joint that allows slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage such as where the ribs connect to the sternum.
A
cartilaginous joints
21
Q
Cartilaginous joint that allows some movement to facilitate childbirth
A
pubic symphysis
22
Q
Joint where two bones articulate to permit a variety of motions such as ball and socket joints or hinge joints.
A
synovial joint
23
Q
The outmost layer of a synovial joint consisting of fibrous tissue that resembles a sleeve as it surrounds the joint.
A
synovial capsule
24
Q
Lines the synovial capsule and secretes synovial fluid
A
synovial membrane
25
Bands of fibrous tissue that form joints by connecting one bone to another, or joining a bone to cartilage.
ligaments
26
Fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject to friction, such as the shoulder, elbow, and knee joints where a tendon passes over a bone.
bursa
27
Part of the skeleton that protects major organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems
axial skeleton
28
how many bones are in the axial skeleton?
80 bones
29
Part of the skeleton that makes movement possible and also protects the organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction.
appendicular skeleton
30
How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?
126 bones
31
How many bones form the skull?
8 bones in the cranium
14 bones of the face
6 bones of the middle ear
32
Which bone forms the forehead?
frontal bone
33
Which bones form most of the roof and upper sides of the cranium?
parietal bones
34
Which bone forms the posterior floor and walls of the cranium?
occipital bone
35
Which bones form the sides and base of the cranium?
temporal bones
36
Which bone forms part of the base of the skull and parts of the floor and sides of the orbit?
sphenoid bone
37
Which bone forms part of the posterior portion of the nose, the orbit, and the floor of the cranium?
ethmoid bone
38
The six tiny bone of the middle ear are known as?
auditory ossicles
39
The opening of the external auditory canal of the outer ear located in the temporal bone on each side of the skull.
external auditory meatus
40
The bones that form the upper part of the bridge of the nose.
nasal bones
41
Cheekbones
zygomatic bones
42
Bones that form most of the upper jaw.
maxillary bones
43
Bones that form part of the hard palate of the mouth and the floor of the nose
palatine bones
44
The bones that make up part of the orbit at the inner angle of the eye
lacrimal bones
45
Thin scroll-like bones that form part of the interior of the nose
inferior conchae
46
Bone that forms the base for the nasal septum
vomer bone
47
Jawbone
mandible
48
Joint where the mandible attaches to the skull
temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
49
Breastbone
sternum
50
Bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum
manubrium
51
Bony structure that forms the middle portion of the sternum
body of the sternum
52
Structure made of cartilage that forms the lower portion of the sternum
xiphoid process
53
The shoulder girdle is also known as?
pectoral girdle
54
Slender bone that connects the manubrium of the sternum to the scapula
clavicle or collar bone
55
Extension of the scapula that forms the high point of the shoulder
acromion
56
Large projection on the upper end o the ulna
olecranon process or funnybone
57
8 bones that form the wrist
carpals
58
5 bones that form the palms
metacarpals
59
14 bones of the fingers
phalanges, phalanx (singular), 3 on each finger (distal, middle, proximal)
60
How many vertebrae are in each section?
cervical-7
thoracic-12
lumbar-5
61
Triangular shaped bone near the base of the spine that forms the lower portion of the back.
sacrum
62
The four small fused vertebrae at the end of the spine
coccyx or tailbone
63
Broad blade-shaped bone that forms the back and sides of the pubic bone
ilium
64
Sightly movable articulation between the sacrum and posterior portion of the ilium
sacroiliac
65
Forms the lower posterior portion of the pubic bone, bears weight of body when sitting
ischium
66
Forms the anterior portion of the pubic bone
pubis
67
Hip socket
acetabulum
68
Term referring to the posterior space behind the knee where the ligaments, vessels, and muscles related to this joint are located.
popliteal
69
The rounded bony protuberance on each side of the ankle
malleolus
70
The anklebone that articulates with the tibia and fibula
talus
71
Heel bone
calcaneus
72
Dr. that specializes in the manipulative treatment of disorders from misalignment of the spine.
chiropractor
73
Physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles.
orthopedic surgeon or orthopedist
74
Dr that uses traditional forms of medical treatment in addition to specializing in treating problems by spinal manipulation.
osteopath
75
Dr. that specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot
podiatrist
76
The loss, or absence, of mobility in a joint due to disease, injury, or a surgical procedure
ankylosis
77
Stiffness of the joints
arthrosclerosis
78
inflammation of a bursa
bursitis
79
Abnormal softening of cartilage
chondromalacia
80
slow-growing benign tumor derived from cartilage cells
chondroma
81
inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum
costochondritis
82
abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great tow
hallux valgus or bunion
83
blood within a joint
hemarthrosis
84
inflammation of the synovial membrane
synovitis
85
spinal osteoarthritis
spondylosis
86
deposits of uric acid in the joints
gouty arthritis or gout
87
chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs are attacked
rheumatoid arthritis
88
form of RA that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae
ankylosing spondylitis
89
low back pain is also called
lumbago
90
forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebrae or sacrum below it
spondylolisthesis
91
congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it
spina bifida
92
abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine
kyphosis
93
abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine
lordosis
94
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
scoliosis
95
malformation of the skull due to premature closure of the cranial sutures
craniostenosis
96
bone disorder of unknown cause that destroys normal bone structure and replaces it with fibrous tissue
fibrous dysplasia
97
bone disease where there is excessive breakdown of bone tissue, followed by abnormal bone formation
Paget's disease
98
Disease in children that results in defective bone growth caused by lack of vit D
Rickets
99
congenital deformity of the foot involving the talus
talipes or clubfoot
100
Rare malignant tumor that originates in a bone
primary bone cancer
101
tumors that have metastasized (spread) to bones from other organs.
secondary bone cancer
102
type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells in the red bone marrow
myeloma
103
benign bony projection covered with cartilage
osteochondroma
104
type of fracture where a bone compresses on itself
compression fracture
105
fracture of the lower end of the radius when a person tries to stop a fall
Colles' fracture
106
broken hip
osteoporotic hip fracture
107
fracture in which the bone is broken but there is no open wound
closed fracture, simple fracture, complete fracture
108
fracture where bone is broken and there is an open wound
open fracture, compound fracture
109
fracture where bone is splintered or crushed
comminuted fracture
110
fracture where bone is bent and only partially broken-primarily occurs in children
greenstick fracture, incomplete fracture
111
fracture that occurs at an angle across the bone
oblique fracture
112
when a weakened bone breaks under normal strain
pathologic fracture
113
fracture where bone has been twisted apart
spiral fracture
114
small crack in the bone that often develops from chronic excessive impact
stress fracture
115
fracture that occurs straight across the bone
transverse fracture
116
Can form when a long bone is fractured and fat cells from yellow bone marrow are released into the blood and can block the blood vessel
fat embolus
117
grating sound heard in joints, or crackling sound heard in lungs affected with pneumonia
crepitation or crepitus
118
forms as a bulging deposit around the area of a broken bone, also thickening of skin
callus
119
visual examination of the internal structure of a joint
arthroscopy
120
procedure where sound waves take measurements of the calcaneus to test for loss of bone mass
ultrasonic bone density testing
121
test that uses low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density
dual x-ray absorptiometry
122
bone marrow transplant from compatible donor
allogenic bone marrow transplant
123
originating within another
allogenic
124
bone marrow transplant from their own treated marrow
autologous bone marrow transplant
125
originating within an individual
autologous
126
mechanical appliance such as a leg brace
orthotic
127
substitute for missing body part
prosthesis
128
surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint
arthrodesis
129
surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint
arthrolysis
130
minimally invasive procedure for the treatment to the interior of a joint
arthroscopic surgery
131
surgical removal of a bursa
bursectomy
132
surgical repair of damaged cartilage
chondroplasty
133
surgical removal of a synovial membrane
synovectomy
134
Another word for joint replacement
arthroplasty
135
replacement of a worn or failed implant
revision surgery
136
procedure where a thin tube is inserted in the back to suction out ruptured disk or to vaporize it
percutaneous diskectomy
137
procedure where bone cement is injected to stabilize compression fractures within the spinal column from osteoporosis
percutaneous vertebroplasty
138
attempted realignment of the bone involved in a fracture using manually applied forces and then immobilization
closed reduction or manipulation
139
pulling force exerted on a limb in a distal direction in an effort to return the bone or joint to normal alignment
traction
140
fracture treatment where pins are placed through soft tissues and bone to hold in place, removed when complete
external fixation
141
fracture treatment where a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold broken pieces in place, usually not removed
internal fixation or open reduction internal fixation (ORIF)
