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med term > ch.7 > Flashcards

ch.7 Flashcards

1
Q

digestion

A

process by which food is changed in the mouth, stomach, and intestines by chemical, mechanical, and enzymatic action, so that the body can absorb it

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2
Q

bolus

A

small mass of chewed food ready to be swallowed

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3
Q

absorption

A

process by which nutrient material is taken into the bloodstream and lymph and travels to all cells of the body

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4
Q

elimination

A

process whereby the solid waste products of digestion are excreted

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5
Q

absorpt/o

A

to take in

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6
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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7
Q

amyl/o

A

starch

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8
Q

anabol/o

A

building-up

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9
Q

append/o

A

appendix

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10
Q

appendic/o

A

appendix

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11
Q

bil/i

A

gall, bile

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12
Q

bucc/o

A

cheek

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13
Q

catabol/o

A

casting-down

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14
Q

celi/o

A

abdomen, belly

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15
Q

cheil/o

A

lip

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16
Q

chol/e

A

gall, bile

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17
Q

choledoch/o

A

common bile duct

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18
Q

cirrh/o

A

orange-yellow

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19
Q

col/o

A

colon

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20
Q

colon/o

A

colon

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21
Q

cyst/o

A

bladder

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22
Q

dent/o

A

tooth

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23
Q

diverticul/o

A

diverticula

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24
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum

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25
Q

enter/o

A

interstine

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26
Q

esophage/o

A

esophagus

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27
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

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28
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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29
Q

gingiv/o

A

gums

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30
Q

gloss/o

A

tongue

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31
Q

glyc/o

A

sweet, sugar

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32
Q

halit/o

A

breath

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33
Q

hemat/o

A

blood

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34
Q

hemorrh/o

A

vein liable to bleed

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35
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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36
Q

herni/o

A

hernia

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37
Q

ile/o

A

ileum

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38
Q

labi/o

A

lip

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39
Q

lapar/o

A

abdomen

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40
Q

lingu/o

A

tongue

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41
Q

mes/o

A

middle

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42
Q

odont/o

A

tooth

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43
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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44
Q

pept/o

A

to digest

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45
Q

pharyng/e

A

pharynx

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46
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx

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47
Q

pil/o

A

hair

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48
Q

prand/i

A

meal

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49
Q

proct/o

A

anus and rectum

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50
Q

pylor/o

A

pylorus, gatekeeper

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51
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

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52
Q

sial/o

A

saliva, salivary

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53
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid

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54
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

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55
Q

stomat/o

A

mouth

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56
Q

verm/i

A

worm

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57
Q

constipat

A

to press together

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58
Q

eme

A

to vomit

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59
Q

laxat

A

to loosen

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60
Q

log

A

study

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61
Q

masticat

A

to chew

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62
Q

nid

A

nest

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63
Q

paralyt

A

to disable, paralysis

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64
Q

volvul

A

to roll

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65
Q

amylase

A

enzyme that breaks down starch

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66
Q

anabolism

A

building up go body substances in the constructive phase of metabolism

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67
Q

anorexia

A

lack of appetite; decreased desire for food

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68
Q

appendectomy

A

surgical excision of the appendix

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69
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix

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70
Q

ascites

A

significant accumulation of serious fluid in the peritoneal cavity

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71
Q

biliary

A

pertaining to bile

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72
Q

bilirubin

A

orange colored bile pigment produced by the separation of hemoglobin into parts that are excreted by the liver cells

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73
Q

black hairy tongue

A

condition in which the tongue is covered by hairlike papillae entangled with threads produced by fungi or bacteria

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74
Q

bowel

A

intestine; the long tube in the body that stores and then eliminates waste out of the body

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75
Q

buccal

A

pertaining to the cheek

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76
Q

catabolism

A

a casting down; in metabolism a breaking down of complex substances into more basic elements

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77
Q

celiac

A

pertaining to the abdomen

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78
Q

cheilosis

A

abnormal condition of the lip as seen in riboflavin and other B-complex deficiencies

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79
Q

cholecystectomy

A

surgical excision of the gallbladder

80
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder

81
Q

choledochotomy

A

surgical incision of the common bile duct

82
Q

cirrhosis

A

chronic degenerative liver disease characterized by changes in the lobes; parenchymal cells and the lobules are infiltrated with fat

83
Q

colectomy

A

surgical excision of part of the colon

84
Q

colon cancer

A

malignancy of the colon

85
Q

colonoscope

A

thin, lighted, flexible instrument that is used to view the interior of the colon during a colonoscopy

86
Q

colonoscopy

A

visual examination of the colon via a colonoscope

87
Q

colostomy

A

A surgical procedure that brings one end of the large intestine out through an opening (stoma) made in the abdominal wall. Stool moving through the intestine drains through the stoma into a bag attached to the abdomen. A colostomy can be permanent or temporary.

88
Q

constipation

A

infrequent passing of unduly hard and dry feces; difficult defecation

89
Q

crohn disease

A

chronic autoimmune disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract but most commonly in the ileum

90
Q

dentalgia

A

pain in a tooth

91
Q

dentition

A

type, number, and arrangement of teeth in the dental arch

92
Q

diarrhea

A

frequent passage of informed watery stool

93
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation of the diverticula (pushes in the walls of an organ) in the colon

94
Q

duodenal

A

pertaining to the duodenum

95
Q

dysentery

A

an intestinal disease characterized by inflammation of the mucous membrane

96
Q

dyspepsia

A

difficulty in digestion; indigestion

97
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty in swallowing

98
Q

emesis

A

vomiting

99
Q

enteric

A

pertaining to the small intestine

100
Q

enteritis

A

inflammation of the small intestine

101
Q

enzyme

A

protein substance capable of causing rapid chemical changes in other substances without being changed itself

102
Q

epigastric

A

pertaining to the region above the stomach

103
Q

esophageal

A

pertaining to the esophagus

104
Q

feces

A

body waste discharged from the bowel by way of the anus

105
Q

flatus

A

blowing; the expelling of gas from the anus

106
Q

gastrectomy

A

surgical excision of a part of or the whole stomach

107
Q

gastric

A

pertaining to the stomach

108
Q

gastroenteritis

A

inflammation of the stomach and intestine

109
Q

gastroenterologist

A

physician who specializes in the stomach and intestine

110
Q

gastroenterology

A

study of the stomach and intestine

111
Q

gastroesophageal

A

pertaining to the stomach and esophagus

112
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

Condition that occurs when the muscle between the esophagus and the stomach, the lower esophageal sphincter, is weak or relaxes inappropriately, allowing the stomach’s contents to back up (reflux) into the esophagus.

113
Q

gavage

A

to feed liquid or semiliquid food via a tube

114
Q

gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gums

115
Q

glossectomy

A

partial or complete surgical excision of the tongue

116
Q

glycogenesis

A

formation of glycogen from glucose

117
Q

halitosis

A

bad breath

118
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting of blood

119
Q

hemorrhoid

A

mass of dilated, tortuous veins in the anorectum

120
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver

121
Q

hernia

A

Abnormal protrusion of an organ or a part of an organ through the wall of the body cavity that normally contains it

122
Q

herniorrhaphy

A

surgical repair of a hernia

123
Q

hyperemesis

A

excessive vomiting

124
Q

hypogastric

A

pertaining to below the stomach

125
Q

ileostomy

A

the surgical creation of a new opening through the abdominal wall into the ileum

126
Q

inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

A

Broad term that describes conditions with chronic or recurring abnormal immune response and inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.

127
Q

intussusception

A

the slipping or telescoping of one part of an intestine into another part just below it

128
Q

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A

disorder that affects the muscular contractions of the colon and interferes with its normal functioning

129
Q

labial

A

pertaining to the lip

130
Q

laparotomy

A

surgical incision into the abdomen

131
Q

lavage

A

to wash out a cavity

132
Q

laxative

A

substance that acts to loosen the bowel

133
Q

lingual

A

pertaining to the tongue

134
Q

malabsorption

A

an inadequate absorption of nutrients from the intestinal tract

135
Q

mastication

A

chewing

136
Q

melena

A

black, tarry feces that has a distinctive odor and contains digested blood

137
Q

mesentery

A

pertaining to the peritoneal fold encircling the small intestine and connecting the intestine to the posterior abdominal wall

138
Q

nausea

A

uncomfortable feeling go the inclination to vomit

139
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

140
Q

paralytic ileus

A

paralysis of the intestines that causes distention and symptoms of acute bowel obstruction and inactivity

141
Q

peptic

A

pertaining to gastric digestion

142
Q

peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

A

disease in which an ulcer forms in the mucosal wall of the stomach, the pylorus, the duodenum, or the esophagus

143
Q

periodontal

A

pertaining to the area around a tooth

144
Q

periodontal disease

A

inflammation and degeneration of the gums and surrounding bone, which frequently causes the loss of teeth

145
Q

peristalsis

A

wavelike contractions that occur involuntarily in hollow tubes of the body, especially the alimentary canal

146
Q

pharyngeal

A

pertaining to the pharynx

147
Q

pilonidal cyst

A

Closed sac in the crease of the sacrococcygeal region caused by a developmental defect that permits epithelial tissue and hair to be trapped below the skin and cause pain or swelling above the area of the anus or near the tailbone

148
Q

postprandial (PP)

A

pertaining to after a meal

149
Q

probiotics

A

live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the digestive system

150
Q

proctoscope

A

an instrument used in a medical procedure to view the interior of the rectal cavity

151
Q

pyloric

A

pertaining to the gatekeeper, the opening between the stomach and the duodenum

152
Q

rectocele

A

hernia of part of the rectum into the vagina

153
Q

sialadenitis

A

inflammation of a salivary gland

154
Q

sigmoidoscope

A

an instrument used in a medical procedure to new the interior of the sigmoid colon

155
Q

splenomegaly

A

enlargement of the spleen

156
Q

stomatitis

A

inflammation of the mouth

157
Q

sublingual

A

pertaining to below the tongue

158
Q

ulcerative colitis (UC)

A

Disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the large intestine. The inflammation usually occurs in the rectum and lower part of the colon but can affect the entire colon

159
Q

vermiform

A

shaped like a worm

160
Q

volvulus

A

twisting of the bowel on itself that causes an obstruction

161
Q

vomit

A

to eject stomach contents through the mouth

162
Q

Ba

A

barium

163
Q

BAC

A

blood alcohol concentration

164
Q

BE

A

Barrett esophagus

165
Q

BM

A

bowel movement

166
Q

CD

A

Crohns disease

167
Q

CEA

A

carcinoembryonic antigen

168
Q

CHO

A

carbohydrate

169
Q

CMP

A

comprehensive metabolic panel

170
Q

EE

A

erosive esophagitis

171
Q

EGD

A

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

172
Q

ERCP

A

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

173
Q

GB

A

gallbladder

174
Q

GERD

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

175
Q

GGT

A

gamma-glutamyltransferase

176
Q

GI

A

gastrointestinal

177
Q

HAV

A

hepatitis A virus

178
Q

HBsAg

A

hepatitis B surface antigen

179
Q

HBV

A

hepatitis B

180
Q

HCI

A

hydrochloric acid

181
Q

HCV

A

hepatitis C virus

182
Q

HDV

A

hepatitis D virus

183
Q

HEV

A

hepatitis E virus

184
Q

IBD

A

inflammatory bowel disease

185
Q

IBS

A

irritable bowel syndrome

186
Q

LES

A

lower esophageal sphincter

187
Q

MSG

A

monosodium glutamate

188
Q

NG

A

nasogastric (tube)

189
Q

O&P

A

ova and parasites

190
Q

OIC

A

opioid-induced constipation

191
Q

OO

A

postprandial (after meals)

192
Q

PPIs

A

proton-pump inhibitors

193
Q

PUD

A

peptic ulcer disease

194
Q

UC

A

ulcerative colitis

195
Q

UGI

A

upper gastrointestinal

med term (18 decks)

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