ch.7 Flashcards
1
Q
digestion
A
process by which food is changed in the mouth, stomach, and intestines by chemical, mechanical, and enzymatic action, so that the body can absorb it
2
Q
bolus
A
small mass of chewed food ready to be swallowed
3
Q
absorption
A
process by which nutrient material is taken into the bloodstream and lymph and travels to all cells of the body
4
Q
elimination
A
process whereby the solid waste products of digestion are excreted
5
Q
absorpt/o
A
to take in
6
Q
aden/o
A
gland
7
Q
amyl/o
A
starch
8
Q
anabol/o
A
building-up
9
Q
append/o
A
appendix
10
Q
appendic/o
A
appendix
11
Q
bil/i
A
gall, bile
12
Q
bucc/o
A
cheek
13
Q
catabol/o
A
casting-down
14
Q
celi/o
A
abdomen, belly
15
Q
cheil/o
A
lip
16
Q
chol/e
A
gall, bile
17
Q
choledoch/o
A
common bile duct
18
Q
cirrh/o
A
orange-yellow
19
Q
col/o
A
colon
20
Q
colon/o
A
colon
21
Q
cyst/o
A
bladder
22
Q
dent/o
A
tooth
23
Q
diverticul/o
A
diverticula
24
Q
duoden/o
A
duodenum
25
enter/o
interstine
26
esophage/o
esophagus
27
esophag/o
esophagus
28
gastr/o
stomach
29
gingiv/o
gums
30
gloss/o
tongue
31
glyc/o
sweet, sugar
32
halit/o
breath
33
hemat/o
blood
34
hemorrh/o
vein liable to bleed
35
hepat/o
liver
36
herni/o
hernia
37
ile/o
ileum
38
labi/o
lip
39
lapar/o
abdomen
40
lingu/o
tongue
41
mes/o
middle
42
odont/o
tooth
43
pancreat/o
pancreas
44
pept/o
to digest
45
pharyng/e
pharynx
46
pharyng/o
pharynx
47
pil/o
hair
48
prand/i
meal
49
proct/o
anus and rectum
50
pylor/o
pylorus, gatekeeper
51
rect/o
rectum
52
sial/o
saliva, salivary
53
sigmoid/o
sigmoid
54
splen/o
spleen
55
stomat/o
mouth
56
verm/i
worm
57
constipat
to press together
58
eme
to vomit
59
laxat
to loosen
60
log
study
61
masticat
to chew
62
nid
nest
63
paralyt
to disable, paralysis
64
volvul
to roll
65
amylase
enzyme that breaks down starch
66
anabolism
building up go body substances in the constructive phase of metabolism
67
anorexia
lack of appetite; decreased desire for food
68
appendectomy
surgical excision of the appendix
69
appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix
70
ascites
significant accumulation of serious fluid in the peritoneal cavity
71
biliary
pertaining to bile
72
bilirubin
orange colored bile pigment produced by the separation of hemoglobin into parts that are excreted by the liver cells
73
black hairy tongue
condition in which the tongue is covered by hairlike papillae entangled with threads produced by fungi or bacteria
74
bowel
intestine; the long tube in the body that stores and then eliminates waste out of the body
75
buccal
pertaining to the cheek
76
catabolism
a casting down; in metabolism a breaking down of complex substances into more basic elements
77
celiac
pertaining to the abdomen
78
cheilosis
abnormal condition of the lip as seen in riboflavin and other B-complex deficiencies
79
cholecystectomy
surgical excision of the gallbladder
80
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
81
choledochotomy
surgical incision of the common bile duct
82
cirrhosis
chronic degenerative liver disease characterized by changes in the lobes; parenchymal cells and the lobules are infiltrated with fat
83
colectomy
surgical excision of part of the colon
84
colon cancer
malignancy of the colon
85
colonoscope
thin, lighted, flexible instrument that is used to view the interior of the colon during a colonoscopy
86
colonoscopy
visual examination of the colon via a colonoscope
87
colostomy
A surgical procedure that brings one end of the large intestine out through an opening (stoma) made in the abdominal wall. Stool moving through the intestine drains through the stoma into a bag attached to the abdomen. A colostomy can be permanent or temporary.
88
constipation
infrequent passing of unduly hard and dry feces; difficult defecation
89
crohn disease
chronic autoimmune disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract but most commonly in the ileum
90
dentalgia
pain in a tooth
91
dentition
type, number, and arrangement of teeth in the dental arch
92
diarrhea
frequent passage of informed watery stool
93
diverticulitis
inflammation of the diverticula (pushes in the walls of an organ) in the colon
94
duodenal
pertaining to the duodenum
95
dysentery
an intestinal disease characterized by inflammation of the mucous membrane
96
dyspepsia
difficulty in digestion; indigestion
97
dysphagia
difficulty in swallowing
98
emesis
vomiting
99
enteric
pertaining to the small intestine
100
enteritis
inflammation of the small intestine
101
enzyme
protein substance capable of causing rapid chemical changes in other substances without being changed itself
102
epigastric
pertaining to the region above the stomach
103
esophageal
pertaining to the esophagus
104
feces
body waste discharged from the bowel by way of the anus
105
flatus
blowing; the expelling of gas from the anus
106
gastrectomy
surgical excision of a part of or the whole stomach
107
gastric
pertaining to the stomach
108
gastroenteritis
inflammation of the stomach and intestine
109
gastroenterologist
physician who specializes in the stomach and intestine
110
gastroenterology
study of the stomach and intestine
111
gastroesophageal
pertaining to the stomach and esophagus
112
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Condition that occurs when the muscle between the esophagus and the stomach, the lower esophageal sphincter, is weak or relaxes inappropriately, allowing the stomach’s contents to back up (reflux) into the esophagus.
113
gavage
to feed liquid or semiliquid food via a tube
114
gingivitis
inflammation of the gums
115
glossectomy
partial or complete surgical excision of the tongue
116
glycogenesis
formation of glycogen from glucose
117
halitosis
bad breath
118
hematemesis
vomiting of blood
119
hemorrhoid
mass of dilated, tortuous veins in the anorectum
120
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
121
hernia
Abnormal protrusion of an organ or a part of an organ through the wall of the body cavity that normally contains it
122
herniorrhaphy
surgical repair of a hernia
123
hyperemesis
excessive vomiting
124
hypogastric
pertaining to below the stomach
125
ileostomy
the surgical creation of a new opening through the abdominal wall into the ileum
126
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Broad term that describes conditions with chronic or recurring abnormal immune response and inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.
127
intussusception
the slipping or telescoping of one part of an intestine into another part just below it
128
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
disorder that affects the muscular contractions of the colon and interferes with its normal functioning
129
labial
pertaining to the lip
130
laparotomy
surgical incision into the abdomen
131
lavage
to wash out a cavity
132
laxative
substance that acts to loosen the bowel
133
lingual
pertaining to the tongue
134
malabsorption
an inadequate absorption of nutrients from the intestinal tract
135
mastication
chewing
136
melena
black, tarry feces that has a distinctive odor and contains digested blood
137
mesentery
pertaining to the peritoneal fold encircling the small intestine and connecting the intestine to the posterior abdominal wall
138
nausea
uncomfortable feeling go the inclination to vomit
139
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
140
paralytic ileus
paralysis of the intestines that causes distention and symptoms of acute bowel obstruction and inactivity
141
peptic
pertaining to gastric digestion
142
peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
disease in which an ulcer forms in the mucosal wall of the stomach, the pylorus, the duodenum, or the esophagus
143
periodontal
pertaining to the area around a tooth
144
periodontal disease
inflammation and degeneration of the gums and surrounding bone, which frequently causes the loss of teeth
145
peristalsis
wavelike contractions that occur involuntarily in hollow tubes of the body, especially the alimentary canal
146
pharyngeal
pertaining to the pharynx
147
pilonidal cyst
Closed sac in the crease of the sacrococcygeal region caused by a developmental defect that permits epithelial tissue and hair to be trapped below the skin and cause pain or swelling above the area of the anus or near the tailbone
148
postprandial (PP)
pertaining to after a meal
149
probiotics
live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the digestive system
150
proctoscope
an instrument used in a medical procedure to view the interior of the rectal cavity
151
pyloric
pertaining to the gatekeeper, the opening between the stomach and the duodenum
152
rectocele
hernia of part of the rectum into the vagina
153
sialadenitis
inflammation of a salivary gland
154
sigmoidoscope
an instrument used in a medical procedure to new the interior of the sigmoid colon
155
splenomegaly
enlargement of the spleen
156
stomatitis
inflammation of the mouth
157
sublingual
pertaining to below the tongue
158
ulcerative colitis (UC)
Disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the large intestine. The inflammation usually occurs in the rectum and lower part of the colon but can affect the entire colon
159
vermiform
shaped like a worm
160
volvulus
twisting of the bowel on itself that causes an obstruction
161
vomit
to eject stomach contents through the mouth
162
Ba
barium
163
BAC
blood alcohol concentration
164
BE
Barrett esophagus
165
BM
bowel movement
166
CD
Crohns disease
167
CEA
carcinoembryonic antigen
168
CHO
carbohydrate
169
CMP
comprehensive metabolic panel
170
EE
erosive esophagitis
171
EGD
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
172
ERCP
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
173
GB
gallbladder
174
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
175
GGT
gamma-glutamyltransferase
176
GI
gastrointestinal
177
HAV
hepatitis A virus
178
HBsAg
hepatitis B surface antigen
179
HBV
hepatitis B
180
HCI
hydrochloric acid
181
HCV
hepatitis C virus
182
HDV
hepatitis D virus
183
HEV
hepatitis E virus
184
IBD
inflammatory bowel disease
185
IBS
irritable bowel syndrome
186
LES
lower esophageal sphincter
187
MSG
monosodium glutamate
188
NG
nasogastric (tube)
189
O&P
ova and parasites
190
OIC
opioid-induced constipation
191
OO
postprandial (after meals)
192
PPIs
proton-pump inhibitors
193
PUD
peptic ulcer disease
194
UC
ulcerative colitis
195
UGI
upper gastrointestinal
