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med term > ch.13 > Flashcards

ch.13 Flashcards

1
Q

cephal/o

A

head

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2
Q

cerebell/o

A

little brain

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3
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum

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4
Q

cran/i

A

skull

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5
Q

crani/o

A

skull

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6
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

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7
Q

dendr/o

A

tree

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8
Q

disk/o

A

disk

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9
Q

dur/o

A

dura, hard

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10
Q

electr/o

A

electricity

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11
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

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12
Q

esthesi/o

A

feeling

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13
Q

fibr/o

A

fiber

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14
Q

gli/o

A

glue

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15
Q

hypn/o

A

sleep

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16
Q

lamin/o

A

thin plate

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17
Q

later/o

A

side

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18
Q

lob/o

A

lobe

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19
Q

mening/i

A

membrane, meninges

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20
Q

mening/o

A

membrane, meninges

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21
Q

ment/o

A

mind

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22
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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23
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord

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24
Q

narc/o

A

numbness, sleep, stupor

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25
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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26
Q

pallid/o

A

globus pallidus

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27
Q

papill/o

A

papilla

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28
Q

poli/o

A

gray

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29
Q

scler/o

A

hardening

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30
Q

somn/o

A

sleep

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31
Q

spin/o

A

thorn, spine

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32
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebra

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33
Q

vag/o

A

vagus, wandering

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34
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle

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35
Q

ambul

A

to walk

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36
Q

concuss

A

shaken violently

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37
Q

ganglion

A

knot

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38
Q

mnes

A

memory

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39
Q

sympath

A

sympathy

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40
Q

acetylcholine

A

cholinergic neurotransmitter; plays an important role in the transmission of nerve impulses at synapses and myoneural junctions

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41
Q

akathisia

A

Inability to remain still; motor restlessness and anxiety

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42
Q

akinesia

A

loss or lack of voluntary motion

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43
Q

alzheimer disease

A

A progressive degeneration of brain tissue that usually begins after age 60

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44
Q

amnesia

A

Condition in which there is a loss or lack of memory

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45
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A

Muscular weakness, atrophy, with spasticity caused by degeneration of motor neurons of the spinal cord; also called Lou Gehrig disease

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46
Q

analgesia

A

Condition in which there is a lack of the sensation of pain

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47
Q

anesthesia

A

lack of the sense of feeling; a pharmacologically induced reversible state of amnesia, analgesia, loss of responsiveness, loss of skeletal muscle reflexes, and decreased stress response

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48
Q

anesthesiologist

A

Physician who specializes in the science of anesthesia

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49
Q

aphagia

A

loss or lack of the ability to eat or swallow

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50
Q

aphasia

A

lack of the ability to speak. It is a language disorder in which there is an impairment of producing or comprehending spoken or written language due to brain damage.

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51
Q

apraxia

A

Loss or lack of the ability to use objects properly and to recognize common ones; inability to perform motor tasks or activities of daily living (ADL), such as dressing and bathing

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52
Q

asthenia

A

loss or lack of strength

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53
Q

astrocytoma

A

primary tumor of the brain composed of astrocytes (star-shaped neuroglial cells) characterized by slow growth, cyst formation, metastasis, and malignant glioblastoma within the tumor mass.

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54
Q

ataxia

A

oss or lack of order; neurological sign and symptom consisting of lack of coordination of muscle movements. It implies dysfunction of parts of the nervous system that coordinate movement, such as the cerebellum.

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55
Q

bradykinesia

A

abnormal slowness of motion

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56
Q

cephalagia

A

head pain; headache

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57
Q

cerebellar

A

pertaining to the cerebellum

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58
Q

cerebral palsy

A

Disorder of movement and posture caused by damage to the motor control centers of the developing brain and can occur during gestation, during childbirth, or after birth up to about age 3.

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59
Q

cerebrospinal

A

pertaining to the cerebrum and the spinal cord

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60
Q

chorea

A

Abnormal involuntary movement disorder, one of a group of neurological disorders called dyskinesias

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61
Q

coma

A

Unconscious state or stupor from which the patient cannot be aroused

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62
Q

concussion (brain)

A

Head injury with a transient loss of brain function

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63
Q

craniectomy

A

Surgical excision of a portion of the skull (cranium), which encases the brain

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64
Q

craniotomy

A

surgical incision into the skull. It is a surgical operation in which a bone flap is removed from the skull to access the brain.

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65
Q

deep brain stimulation

A

A surgical procedure used to treat a variety of disabling neurological symptoms

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66
Q

dementia

A

Group of symptoms marked by memory loss and loss of other cognitive functions such as perception, thinking, reasoning, and remembering

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67
Q

diskectomy

A

Surgical excision of an intervertebral disk

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68
Q

dyslexia

A

Difficulty reading and writing words even though vision and intelligence are unimpaired

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69
Q

dysphasia

A

Impairment of speech that may be caused by a brain lesion

70
Q

electromyography

A

Process of recording the contraction of a skeletal muscle as a result of electrical stimulation; used in diagnosing disorders of nerves supplying muscles

71
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain.

72
Q

encephalopathy

A

Any pathological dysfunction of the brain.

73
Q

endorphins

A

Chemical substances produced in the brain that act as natural analgesics (opiates) and provide feelings of pleasure

74
Q

epidural

A

pertaining to situated on the dura mater; often used to refer to a form of regional anesthesia involving injection of medication via a catheter into the epidural space.

75
Q

epiduroscopy

A

Minimally invasive form of surgery that introduces medication via an endoscope into the epidural space

76
Q

epilepsy

A

A neurological disorder involving repeated seizures of any type. Seizures are episodes of disturbed brain function that cause changes in attention and/or behavior.

77
Q

ganglionectomy

A

Surgical excision of a ganglion (a mass of nerve tissue outside the brain and spinal cord)

78
Q

glioma

A

tumor composed of nueroglial tissue

79
Q

Guillain-Barré syndrome

A

Pathological condition in which the myelin sheaths covering peripheral nerves are destroyed, resulting in decreased nerve impulses, loss of reflex response, and sudden muscle weakness

80
Q

hemiparesis

A

Weakness on one side of the body that can be caused by a stroke, cerebral palsy, brain tumor, multiple sclerosis, and other brain and nervous system diseases

81
Q

hemiplegia

A

Paralysis of one-half of the body when it is divided along the median sagittal plane; total paralysis of the arm, leg, and trunk on the same side of the body.

82
Q

herniated disk syndrome

A

Condition in which part or all of the soft, gelatinous central portion of an intervertebral disk (the nucleus pulposus) is forced through a weakened part of the disk.

83
Q

herpes zoster

A

Viral disease characterized by painful vesicular eruptions along a segment of the spinal or cranial nerves; also called shingles

84
Q

hydrocephalus

A

Condition in which there is an increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain, causing the head to be enlarged.

85
Q

hyperesthesia

A

Increased feelings of sensory stimuli, such as pain, touch, or sound

86
Q

hyperkinesis

A

Increased muscular movement and motion; inability to be still; also known as hyperactivity

87
Q

hypnosis

A

Artificially induced trancelike state resembling somnambulism (sleepwalking)

88
Q

intracranial

A

pertaining to within the skull

89
Q

laminectomy

A

Surgical excision of a vertebral posterior arch

90
Q

lobotomy

A

Surgical incision into the prefrontal or frontal lobe of the brain

91
Q

meningioma

A

Tumor of the meninges that originates in the arachnoidal tissue

92
Q

meningitis

A

Inflammation of the meninges of the spinal cord or brain

93
Q

meningocele

A

Congenital hernia (saclike protrusion) in which the meninges protrude through a defect in the skull or spinal column

94
Q

meningomyelocele

A

Congenital herniation of the spinal cord and meninges through a defect in the vertebral column

95
Q

microcephaly

A

Abnormally small head; congenital anomaly characterized by an abnormal smallness of the head in relation to the rest of the body

96
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

Chronic disease of the central nervous system marked by damage to the myelin sheath.

97
Q

myelitis

A

inflammation of the spinal cord

98
Q

narcolepsy

A

Chronic disease of the central nervous system marked by damage to the myelin sheath.

99
Q

neuralgia

A

pain in a nerve or nerves

100
Q

neurasthenia

A

Pathological condition characterized by weakness, exhaustion, and prostration that often accompanies severe depression

101
Q

neurectomy

A

surgical excision of a nerve

102
Q

neuritis

A

inflammation of a nerve

103
Q

neuroblast

A

Germ (embryonic) cell from which nervous tissue is formed

104
Q

neuroblastoma

A

Malignant tumor composed of cells resembling neuroblasts

105
Q

neurofibroma

A

Fibrous connective tissue tumor of a nerve

106
Q

neuroglia

A

Supporting or connective tissue cells of the central nervous system (astrocytes, oligodendroglia, microglia, and ependymal cells)

107
Q

neurologist

A

Physician who specializes in the study of the nervous system

108
Q

neurology

A

study of the nervous system

109
Q

neuroma

A

tumor of nerve cells and fibers

110
Q

neuropathy

A

any pathological nervous tissue disease

111
Q

neurotransmitter

A

Chemical substances, such as dopamine and acetylcholine, that carry electrical impulses across a synapse between two neurons

112
Q

oligodendroglioma

A

Malignant tumor composed of oligodendroglia (a type of cell that makes up one component of the tissue of the CNS)

113
Q

pain

A

A symptom of a physical or emotional condition. Pain has been described as unpleasant bodily sensations or a complex of sensations resulting from injury or disease that cause physical discomfort or emotional distress.

114
Q

pallidotomy

A

Surgical destruction of the globus pallidus of the brain done to treat involuntary movements or muscular rigidity in Parkinson disease

115
Q

papilledema

A

Swelling of the optic disk, usually caused by increased intracranial pressure (ICP); also called choked disk

116
Q

paraplegia

A

slight, partial, or incomplete paralysis

117
Q

parkinson disease

A

progressive neurological disorder caused by degeneration of nerve cells in the part of the brain that controls movement. This degeneration creates a shortage of the brain signaling chemical (neurotransmitter) known as dopamine, causing the movement impairments that characterize the disease.

118
Q

poliomyelitis

A

Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord

119
Q

polyneuritis

A

inflammation involving many nerves

120
Q

quadriplegia

A

Paralysis of all four extremities and usually the trunk due to injury to the spinal cord in the cervical spine; also called tetraplegia.

121
Q

reye syndrome

A

Acute disease that causes edema of the brain and increased intracranial pressure, hypoglycemia, and fatty infiltration of the liver and other vital organs

122
Q

sciatica

A

Severe pain along the course of the sciatic nerve

123
Q

sleep

A

State of rest for the body and mind; has two distinct types: rapid eye movement (REM), sometimes called dream sleep, and non-rapid eye movement (NREM)

124
Q

somnambulism

A

condition of sleepwalking

125
Q

spondylosyndesis

A

Surgical procedure to bind vertebrae after removal of a herniated disk; also called spinal fusion

126
Q

stroke

A

Death of focal brain tissue that occurs when the brain does not get sufficient blood and oxygen; also called cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or brain attack.

127
Q

subdural

A

pertaining to below the dura matter

128
Q

sundowning

A

Increased agitation or restlessness that occurs in the late afternoon or early evening in patients with cognitive impairment;

129
Q

sympathectomy

A

Surgical excision of a portion of the sympathetic nervous system, such as a nerve or ganglion

130
Q

transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

A

Use of mild electrical stimulation to interfere with the transmission of painful stimuli; has proved useful in relieving pain in some patients

131
Q

vagotomy

A

surgical incision of the vagus nerve

132
Q

ventriculogram

A

xray of the cerebral ventricles

133
Q

ACh

A

acetylcholine

134
Q

AD

A

alzheimer disease

135
Q

ADL

A

activities of daily living

136
Q

ALS

A

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

137
Q

ANS

A

autonomic nervous system

138
Q

ASPD

A

advanced sleep phase disorder

139
Q

CNS

A

central nervous system

140
Q

CP

A

cerebral palsy

141
Q

CSF

A

cerebrospinal fluid

142
Q

CT

A

computed tomography

143
Q

CTE

A

chronic traumatic encephalopathy

144
Q

CVA

A

cerebrovascular accident

145
Q

DBS

A

deep brain stimulation

146
Q

DSPS

A

delayed sleep phase syndrome

147
Q

EEG

A

electroencephalogram

148
Q

FTD

A

frontotemporal dementia

149
Q

FTLD

A

frontotemporal lobar degeneration

150
Q

GCS

A

glasgow coma scale

151
Q

HDS

A

herniated disk syndrome

152
Q

HNP

A

herniated nucleus pulposus

153
Q

ICP

A

intracranial pressure

154
Q

LBD

A

levy body dementia

155
Q

LP

A

lumbar puncture

156
Q

MHI

A

mild head injury

157
Q

MHT

A

minor head trauma

158
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance imaging

159
Q

MS

A

multiple sclerosis

160
Q

MTBI

A

mild traumatic brain injury

161
Q

neuro

A

neurology

162
Q

NREM

A

non rapid eye movement

163
Q

PD

A

parkinson disease

164
Q

PET

A

positron emission tomography

165
Q

PHN

A

postherpetic neuralgia

166
Q

PNS

A

peripheral nervous system

167
Q

REM

A

rapid eye movement

168
Q

TENS

A

transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

169
Q

TIA

A

transient ischemic attack

170
Q

FAST

A

face, arms, speech, time

med term (18 decks)

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