ch.13 Flashcards
1
Q
cephal/o
A
head
2
Q
cerebell/o
A
little brain
3
Q
cerebr/o
A
cerebrum
4
Q
cran/i
A
skull
5
Q
crani/o
A
skull
6
Q
cyt/o
A
cell
7
Q
dendr/o
A
tree
8
Q
disk/o
A
disk
9
Q
dur/o
A
dura, hard
10
Q
electr/o
A
electricity
11
Q
encephal/o
A
brain
12
Q
esthesi/o
A
feeling
13
Q
fibr/o
A
fiber
14
Q
gli/o
A
glue
15
Q
hypn/o
A
sleep
16
Q
lamin/o
A
thin plate
17
Q
later/o
A
side
18
Q
lob/o
A
lobe
19
Q
mening/i
A
membrane, meninges
20
Q
mening/o
A
membrane, meninges
21
Q
ment/o
A
mind
22
Q
my/o
A
muscle
23
Q
myel/o
A
spinal cord
24
Q
narc/o
A
numbness, sleep, stupor
25
neur/o
nerve
26
pallid/o
globus pallidus
27
papill/o
papilla
28
poli/o
gray
29
scler/o
hardening
30
somn/o
sleep
31
spin/o
thorn, spine
32
spondyl/o
vertebra
33
vag/o
vagus, wandering
34
ventricul/o
ventricle
35
ambul
to walk
36
concuss
shaken violently
37
ganglion
knot
38
mnes
memory
39
sympath
sympathy
40
acetylcholine
cholinergic neurotransmitter; plays an important role in the transmission of nerve impulses at synapses and myoneural junctions
41
akathisia
Inability to remain still; motor restlessness and anxiety
42
akinesia
loss or lack of voluntary motion
43
alzheimer disease
A progressive degeneration of brain tissue that usually begins after age 60
44
amnesia
Condition in which there is a loss or lack of memory
45
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Muscular weakness, atrophy, with spasticity caused by degeneration of motor neurons of the spinal cord; also called Lou Gehrig disease
46
analgesia
Condition in which there is a lack of the sensation of pain
47
anesthesia
lack of the sense of feeling; a pharmacologically induced reversible state of amnesia, analgesia, loss of responsiveness, loss of skeletal muscle reflexes, and decreased stress response
48
anesthesiologist
Physician who specializes in the science of anesthesia
49
aphagia
loss or lack of the ability to eat or swallow
50
aphasia
lack of the ability to speak. It is a language disorder in which there is an impairment of producing or comprehending spoken or written language due to brain damage.
51
apraxia
Loss or lack of the ability to use objects properly and to recognize common ones; inability to perform motor tasks or activities of daily living (ADL), such as dressing and bathing
52
asthenia
loss or lack of strength
53
astrocytoma
primary tumor of the brain composed of astrocytes (star-shaped neuroglial cells) characterized by slow growth, cyst formation, metastasis, and malignant glioblastoma within the tumor mass.
54
ataxia
oss or lack of order; neurological sign and symptom consisting of lack of coordination of muscle movements. It implies dysfunction of parts of the nervous system that coordinate movement, such as the cerebellum.
55
bradykinesia
abnormal slowness of motion
56
cephalagia
head pain; headache
57
cerebellar
pertaining to the cerebellum
58
cerebral palsy
Disorder of movement and posture caused by damage to the motor control centers of the developing brain and can occur during gestation, during childbirth, or after birth up to about age 3.
59
cerebrospinal
pertaining to the cerebrum and the spinal cord
60
chorea
Abnormal involuntary movement disorder, one of a group of neurological disorders called dyskinesias
61
coma
Unconscious state or stupor from which the patient cannot be aroused
62
concussion (brain)
Head injury with a transient loss of brain function
63
craniectomy
Surgical excision of a portion of the skull (cranium), which encases the brain
64
craniotomy
surgical incision into the skull. It is a surgical operation in which a bone flap is removed from the skull to access the brain.
65
deep brain stimulation
A surgical procedure used to treat a variety of disabling neurological symptoms
66
dementia
Group of symptoms marked by memory loss and loss of other cognitive functions such as perception, thinking, reasoning, and remembering
67
diskectomy
Surgical excision of an intervertebral disk
68
dyslexia
Difficulty reading and writing words even though vision and intelligence are unimpaired
69
dysphasia
Impairment of speech that may be caused by a brain lesion
70
electromyography
Process of recording the contraction of a skeletal muscle as a result of electrical stimulation; used in diagnosing disorders of nerves supplying muscles
71
encephalitis
inflammation of the brain.
72
encephalopathy
Any pathological dysfunction of the brain.
73
endorphins
Chemical substances produced in the brain that act as natural analgesics (opiates) and provide feelings of pleasure
74
epidural
pertaining to situated on the dura mater; often used to refer to a form of regional anesthesia involving injection of medication via a catheter into the epidural space.
75
epiduroscopy
Minimally invasive form of surgery that introduces medication via an endoscope into the epidural space
76
epilepsy
A neurological disorder involving repeated seizures of any type. Seizures are episodes of disturbed brain function that cause changes in attention and/or behavior.
77
ganglionectomy
Surgical excision of a ganglion (a mass of nerve tissue outside the brain and spinal cord)
78
glioma
tumor composed of nueroglial tissue
79
Guillain-Barré syndrome
Pathological condition in which the myelin sheaths covering peripheral nerves are destroyed, resulting in decreased nerve impulses, loss of reflex response, and sudden muscle weakness
80
hemiparesis
Weakness on one side of the body that can be caused by a stroke, cerebral palsy, brain tumor, multiple sclerosis, and other brain and nervous system diseases
81
hemiplegia
Paralysis of one-half of the body when it is divided along the median sagittal plane; total paralysis of the arm, leg, and trunk on the same side of the body.
82
herniated disk syndrome
Condition in which part or all of the soft, gelatinous central portion of an intervertebral disk (the nucleus pulposus) is forced through a weakened part of the disk.
83
herpes zoster
Viral disease characterized by painful vesicular eruptions along a segment of the spinal or cranial nerves; also called shingles
84
hydrocephalus
Condition in which there is an increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain, causing the head to be enlarged.
85
hyperesthesia
Increased feelings of sensory stimuli, such as pain, touch, or sound
86
hyperkinesis
Increased muscular movement and motion; inability to be still; also known as hyperactivity
87
hypnosis
Artificially induced trancelike state resembling somnambulism (sleepwalking)
88
intracranial
pertaining to within the skull
89
laminectomy
Surgical excision of a vertebral posterior arch
90
lobotomy
Surgical incision into the prefrontal or frontal lobe of the brain
91
meningioma
Tumor of the meninges that originates in the arachnoidal tissue
92
meningitis
Inflammation of the meninges of the spinal cord or brain
93
meningocele
Congenital hernia (saclike protrusion) in which the meninges protrude through a defect in the skull or spinal column
94
meningomyelocele
Congenital herniation of the spinal cord and meninges through a defect in the vertebral column
95
microcephaly
Abnormally small head; congenital anomaly characterized by an abnormal smallness of the head in relation to the rest of the body
96
multiple sclerosis
Chronic disease of the central nervous system marked by damage to the myelin sheath.
97
myelitis
inflammation of the spinal cord
98
narcolepsy
Chronic disease of the central nervous system marked by damage to the myelin sheath.
99
neuralgia
pain in a nerve or nerves
100
neurasthenia
Pathological condition characterized by weakness, exhaustion, and prostration that often accompanies severe depression
101
neurectomy
surgical excision of a nerve
102
neuritis
inflammation of a nerve
103
neuroblast
Germ (embryonic) cell from which nervous tissue is formed
104
neuroblastoma
Malignant tumor composed of cells resembling neuroblasts
105
neurofibroma
Fibrous connective tissue tumor of a nerve
106
neuroglia
Supporting or connective tissue cells of the central nervous system (astrocytes, oligodendroglia, microglia, and ependymal cells)
107
neurologist
Physician who specializes in the study of the nervous system
108
neurology
study of the nervous system
109
neuroma
tumor of nerve cells and fibers
110
neuropathy
any pathological nervous tissue disease
111
neurotransmitter
Chemical substances, such as dopamine and acetylcholine, that carry electrical impulses across a synapse between two neurons
112
oligodendroglioma
Malignant tumor composed of oligodendroglia (a type of cell that makes up one component of the tissue of the CNS)
113
pain
A symptom of a physical or emotional condition. Pain has been described as unpleasant bodily sensations or a complex of sensations resulting from injury or disease that cause physical discomfort or emotional distress.
114
pallidotomy
Surgical destruction of the globus pallidus of the brain done to treat involuntary movements or muscular rigidity in Parkinson disease
115
papilledema
Swelling of the optic disk, usually caused by increased intracranial pressure (ICP); also called choked disk
116
paraplegia
slight, partial, or incomplete paralysis
117
parkinson disease
progressive neurological disorder caused by degeneration of nerve cells in the part of the brain that controls movement. This degeneration creates a shortage of the brain signaling chemical (neurotransmitter) known as dopamine, causing the movement impairments that characterize the disease.
118
poliomyelitis
Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord
119
polyneuritis
inflammation involving many nerves
120
quadriplegia
Paralysis of all four extremities and usually the trunk due to injury to the spinal cord in the cervical spine; also called tetraplegia.
121
reye syndrome
Acute disease that causes edema of the brain and increased intracranial pressure, hypoglycemia, and fatty infiltration of the liver and other vital organs
122
sciatica
Severe pain along the course of the sciatic nerve
123
sleep
State of rest for the body and mind; has two distinct types: rapid eye movement (REM), sometimes called dream sleep, and non-rapid eye movement (NREM)
124
somnambulism
condition of sleepwalking
125
spondylosyndesis
Surgical procedure to bind vertebrae after removal of a herniated disk; also called spinal fusion
126
stroke
Death of focal brain tissue that occurs when the brain does not get sufficient blood and oxygen; also called cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or brain attack.
127
subdural
pertaining to below the dura matter
128
sundowning
Increased agitation or restlessness that occurs in the late afternoon or early evening in patients with cognitive impairment;
129
sympathectomy
Surgical excision of a portion of the sympathetic nervous system, such as a nerve or ganglion
130
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
Use of mild electrical stimulation to interfere with the transmission of painful stimuli; has proved useful in relieving pain in some patients
131
vagotomy
surgical incision of the vagus nerve
132
ventriculogram
xray of the cerebral ventricles
133
ACh
acetylcholine
134
AD
alzheimer disease
135
ADL
activities of daily living
136
ALS
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
137
ANS
autonomic nervous system
138
ASPD
advanced sleep phase disorder
139
CNS
central nervous system
140
CP
cerebral palsy
141
CSF
cerebrospinal fluid
142
CT
computed tomography
143
CTE
chronic traumatic encephalopathy
144
CVA
cerebrovascular accident
145
DBS
deep brain stimulation
146
DSPS
delayed sleep phase syndrome
147
EEG
electroencephalogram
148
FTD
frontotemporal dementia
149
FTLD
frontotemporal lobar degeneration
150
GCS
glasgow coma scale
151
HDS
herniated disk syndrome
152
HNP
herniated nucleus pulposus
153
ICP
intracranial pressure
154
LBD
levy body dementia
155
LP
lumbar puncture
156
MHI
mild head injury
157
MHT
minor head trauma
158
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
159
MS
multiple sclerosis
160
MTBI
mild traumatic brain injury
161
neuro
neurology
162
NREM
non rapid eye movement
163
PD
parkinson disease
164
PET
positron emission tomography
165
PHN
postherpetic neuralgia
166
PNS
peripheral nervous system
167
REM
rapid eye movement
168
TENS
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
169
TIA
transient ischemic attack
170
FAST
face, arms, speech, time
