ch.16 Flashcards
abort/o
to miscarry
cervic/o
cervix, neck
coit/o
a coming-together
colp/o
vagina
culd/o
cul-de-sac
cyst/o
bladder
fibr/o
fibrous tissue
gynec/o
female
hyster/o
womb, uterus
mamm/o
breast
mast/o
breast
men/o
month, menses, menstruation
metr/o
womb, uterus
metri/o
womb, uterus
my/o
muscle
o/o
ovum, egg
oophor/o
ovary
pareun/o
lying beside, sexual intercourse
rect/o
rectum
salping/o
fallopian tube
uter/o
uterus
vagin/o
vagina
vers/o
turning
bartholin
bartholin glands
cept
receive
genital
belonging to birth
hymen
hymen
lamp(s)
to shine
log
study
lump
lump
ovulat
little egg
pause
cessation
abortion
Process of miscarrying (either spontaneous or induced); termination of a pregnancy. Treatment during or after a miscarriage includes measures to prevent hemorrhage and infection. With any type of miscarriage, the patient should see her healthcare provider as soon as possible. If the abortion is incomplete and not all tissue has been expelled, a dilation and curettage (D&C), which is an expansion of the cervical canal and scraping of the uterine wall, is usually performed.
adnexa
Accessory parts of a structure; adnexa uteri refers to the ovaries and fallopian tubes
amenorrhea
Lack of the monthly flow (menses or menstruation)
bartholinitis
Inflammation of Bartholin glands. To check for swelling, redness, or tenderness, a Bartholin gland is palpated at the posterior labia majora.
cervicitis
Inflammation of the uterine cervix
cesarean section
Delivery of the fetus by means of an incision through the abdominal cavity and then into the uterus
colposcope
Medical instrument used to examine the vagina and cervix by means of a magnifying lens
contraception
Process of preventing conception
culdocentesis
Surgical puncture of the cul-de-sac for removal of fluid
cystocele
Hernia of the bladder that protrudes into the vagina
doppler ultrasound
Procedure using an audio transformation of high-frequency sounds to monitor the fetal heartbeat
dysmenorrhea
Difficult or painful monthly flow (menses or menstruation)
dyspareunia
Difficult or painful sexual intercourse (copulation)
eclampsia
Complication of severe preeclampsia that involves seizures; also known as toxemia or pregnancy-induced hypertension
ectopic pregnancy
A pregnancy that occurs when the fertilized egg is implanted in one of various sites, the most common being a fallopian tube; also referred to as a tubal pregnancy. This type of pregnancy is life-threatening to the mother and almost always fatal to her fetus.
endometriosis
Pathological condition in which endometrial tissue has been displaced to various sites in the abdominal or pelvic cavity. This tissue responds to cyclic hormonal signals. Because it is outside the uterus and cannot be cast off each month, the tissue causes bleeding, with the formation of scars and adhesions. This is generally what causes daily or monthly cyclic pain.
fibroma
Fibrous tissue tumor; also called fibroid tumor, the most common benign tumor found in women. See uterine fibroid.
genitalia
Male or female reproductive organs
gravida
Refers to any pregnancy, regardless of duration, including the present one; when used in the recording of an obstetrical history, indicates the number of pregnancies, for example, nulligravida refers to a woman who has never been pregnant and is written as gravida 0, primigravida refers to a woman who is pregnant for the first time and is written as gravida 1, multigravida refers to a woman who has been pregnant more than once and is written as gravida 2 (3, 4, 5, etc.).
group B streptococcus
Type of bacterium commonly found in the vagina and intestinal tract; found in 10–25% of all pregnant women; it can cause life-threatening infections in the newborn
gynecologist
Physician who specializes in the study of the female, especially the diseases of the female reproductive organs and the breasts
gynecology
Study of the female, especially the diseases of the female reproductive organs and the breasts
hymenectomy
Surgical excision of the membranous fold of tissue (the hymen) that partially or completely covers the vaginal opening. This procedure may be used to allow for the flow of the menses, allow for tampon use, and/or to allow for sexual intercourse.
hysterectomy
Surgical excision of the uterus
hysteroscope
Instrument used in the biopsy of uterine tissue before 12 weeks of gestation. This tissue is then analyzed for chromosome arrangement, DNA sequence, and genetic defects.
hysterotomy
Incision into the uterus, commonly combined with a laparotomy (surgical incision into the abdomen) during a cesarean section
intrauterine
Pertaining to within the uterus
laser ablation
Procedure that uses a laser to destroy the uterine lining; may also be called endometrial ablation. A biopsy is performed before the procedure to make sure no cancer is present. This procedure can be used to reduce excessive menstrual bleeding. It causes sterility.
linea nigra
Dark line on the abdomen that runs from above the umbilicus to the pubis during pregnancy. The term comes from Latin and literally means black line. It can be light and barely visible in some women or it can be much darker than the surrounding skin and stand out more clearly in other women.
lochia
Vaginal discharge occurring after childbirth. At first it is blood-tinged (lochia rubra); then, after 3 or 4 days, it becomes pink and brown-tinged (lochia serosa); after that, it becomes yellow and then turns to white (lochia alba). Lochia typically last 2–4 weeks.
lumpectomy
Surgical removal of a tumor from the breast. This procedure removes only the tumor and some surrounding tissue but no lymph nodes
mammoplasty
Surgical repair of the breast
mastectomy
Surgical excision of the breast can involve a modified radical or a radical mastectomy. With a modified radical approach, all of the breast tissue and the underarm lymph nodes are removed but the muscles remain intact.
mastitis
Inflammation of the breast that occurs most commonly in women who are breastfeeding.
menarche
Beginning of the first monthly flow (menses, menstruation)
menopause
Cessation of the monthly flow; also called climacteric
menorrhagia
Excessive uterine bleeding at the time of a menstrual period, either in number of days or amount of blood or both. Can be caused by such conditions as uterine fibroid tumors, pelvic inflammatory disease, or an endocrine imbalance.
menorrhea
Normal monthly flow (menses, menstruation)
mittelschmerz
Abdominal pain that occurs midway between the menstrual periods at ovulation
myometritis
Inflammation of the muscular wall of the uterus
oligomenorrhea
Scanty monthly flow (menses, menstruation)
oogenesis
Formation of the ovum
oophorectomy
Surgical excision of an ovary
ovulation
Process in which an ovum is discharged from the cortex of the ovary; periodic ripening and rupture of a mature graafian follicle and the discharge of an ovum from the cortex of the ovary. Occurs approximately 14 days before the onset of the next menstrual period.
para
Means to bear or bring forth; refers to a woman who has given birth after a minimum of 20 weeks’ gestation, regardless of whether the baby is born alive or dead
pelvic inflammatory disease
Infection of the upper genital area; can affect the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes
perimenopause
Period of gradual changes that lead into menopause, affecting a woman’s hormones, body, and feelings. It can be a stop–start process that can take months or years. Hormone levels fluctuate, thereby causing changes in the menstrual cycle, which becomes irregular.
placenta previa
In this condition, the placenta is improperly implanted in the lower uterine segment. The fetus receives less oxygen and the expectant mother has an increased risk of hemorrhage and infection. Placenta previa is classified as one of four degrees
postcoital
Pertaining to after sexual intercourse
preeclampsia
Serious complication of pregnancy characterized by increasing hypertension, proteinuria (abnormal concentrations of urinary protein), and edema; also known as pregnancy-induced hypertension
premenstrual syndrome
Condition that affects certain women and can cause distressful symptoms that begin 2 weeks before the onset of menstruation. The cause is unknown but may be due to the amount of prostaglandin produced, a deficient or excessive amount of estrogen or progesterone, or an interrelationship between these factors.
rectovaginal
Pertaining to the rectum and vagina
retroversion
Process of being turned backward, such as the displacement of the uterus with the cervix pointed forward.
salpingectomy
Surgical excision of a fallopian tube
salpingitis
Inflammation of a fallopian tube
salpingooophorectomy
Surgical excision of an ovary and a fallopian tube
toxic shock syndrome
A serious bacterial infection caused by staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Symptoms of TSS start suddenly with vomiting, high fever (temperature at least 102°F [38.8°C]), a rapid drop in blood pressure (with lightheadedness or fainting), watery diarrhea, headache, sore throat, and muscle aches.
uterine fibroid
Benign fibrous tumor of the uterus made up of muscle cells and other tissues that grow within the wall of the uterus; the most common benign tumors in women of childbearing age; also called uterine leiomyoma. Fibroids are classified into three groups based on where they grow, such as just underneath the lining of the uterus, between the muscles of the uterus, or on the outside of the uterus. Most fibroids grow within the wall of the uterus, and some grow on stalks (called peduncles) that grow out from the surface of the uterus or into the cavity of the uterus.
vaginitis
Inflammation of the vagina
-ion
process
a-
lack of
-rrhea
flow
-itis
inflammation
-scope
instrument for examining
contra-
against
-centesis
surgical puncture
-cele
hernia
dys-
difficult, painful
-ia
condition
ec-
out
endo-
within
-osis
condition
-oma
tumor
-ist
one who specializes
-logy
study of
-ectomy
surgical excision
-tomy
incision
-ine
pertaining to
intra-
within
-plasty
surgical repair
-itis
inflammation
-arche
beginning
-rrhagia
to burst forth
-genesis
formation, produce
oligo-
scanty
peri-
around
post-
after
-al
pertaining to
pre-
before
ec-
out
-oid
resemble
AB
abortion
AFP
alpha-fetoprotein
AROM
artificial rupture of membranes
ASCUS
atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance
CIN
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
CMV
cytomegalovirus
COCs
combined oral contraceptives
CS
cesarean section
CVS
chorionic villus sampling
D&C
dilation and curettage
DUB
dysfunctional uterine bleeding
FHB
fetal heartbeat
FSH
follicle stimulating hormone
GBS
group B streptococcus
GTT
glucose tolerance test
GYN
gynecology
hCG
human chorionic gonadotropin
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
HSG
hysterosalpingography
HSV
herpes simplex virus
HT
hormone therapy
IUD
intrauterine device
LH
luteinizing hormone
LMP
last menstrual period
NSSC
normal size, shape, and consistency
NST
nonstress test
OB
obstetrics
OTC
over the counter
Pap
papanicolaou (smear)
PID
pelvic inflammatory disease
PIH
pregnancy induced hypertension
PMS
premenstrual syndrome
PUBS
percutaneous umbilical blood sampling
RM
recurrent miscarriage
TAH-BSO
total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
TORCH
toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus
TSS
toxic shock syndrome
UE
unconjugated estriol
