ch.10 Flashcards
alveol/o
small, hollow air sac
anthrac/o
coal
aspirat/o
to draw in
atel/o
imperfect
bronch/o
bronchus
bronchi/o
bronchus
bronchiol/o
bronchiole
coni/o
dust
cyan/o
dark blue
cyst/o
sac
fibr/o
fiber
halat/o
breathe
hem/o
blood
laryng/o
larynx, voice box
lob/o
lobe
nas/o
nose
olfact/o
smell
orth/o
straight
ox/o
oxygen
palat/o
palate
pector/o
chest
pharyng/o
pharynx, throat
phon/o
voice, sound
pleur/o
pleura
pneum/o
air
pneumon/o
lung
pulmon/o
lung
py/o
pus
respirat/o
breathing
rhin/o
nose
rhonch/o
snore
sarc/o
flesh
spir/o
breathe
thorac/o
chest
tonsill/o
tonsil
trache/o
trachea
tubercul/o
a little swelling, nodule
ventilat/o
to air
vir/o
virus (poison)
log
study
sinus
curve, hollow
sphyxis, sphyx
pulse
alveolus
pertaining to a small air sac in the lungs
anthracosis
lung condition caused by inhalation of coal dust and silica; black lung
apnea
Temporary cessation of breathing. Sleep apnea is a temporary cessation of breathing during sleep. Obstructive apnea is caused by obstruction to the upper airway. Central apnea is marked by absence of respiratory muscle activity.
asphyxia
Emergency condition in which there is a depletion of oxygen in the blood with an increase of carbon dioxide in the blood and tissues
aspiration
The act of drawing in or out by suction using a device such as a syringe or needle; the process of drawing foreign bodies—such as food, liquid, or other substances—into the nose, throat, or lungs on inspiration
asthma
Disease of the bronchi characterized by wheezing, dyspnea, and a feeling of constriction in the chest. Inflammation of the airways causes airflow into and out of the lungs to be restricted. During an asthma attack, the muscles of the bronchial tree constrict and the linings of the air passages swell, reducing airflow and producing the characteristic wheezing sound.
atelectasis
A disorder characterized by the collapse of part of or the entire lung or failure of the lung to expand (inflate) completely; collapsed lung
bronchiectasis
Chronic dilation of a bronchus or bronchi, with a secondary infection that usually involves the lower portion of a lung
bronchiolitis
inflammation of the bronchioles
bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi
bronchoscope
medical instrument used to visually examine the bronchi
carbon dioxide
colorless, odorless gas produced by the oxidation of carbon; it is a waste gas from metabolism that needs to be exhaled
cheyne-stokes respiration
Rhythmic cycle of breathing with a gradual increase in respiration followed by apnea (which may last from 10 to 60 seconds), then a repeat of the same cycle
cough
Sudden, forceful expulsion of air from the lungs; an essential protective response that clears irritants, secretions, or foreign objects from the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs
croup
Acute respiratory disease (ARD) characterized by obstruction of the larynx, a barking cough, dyspnea, hoarseness, and stridor (high-pitched noisy breathing).
cyanosis
Abnormal condition of the skin and mucous membrane caused by oxygen deficiency in the blood. The skin, fingernails, and mucous membranes can appear slightly bluish or grayish.
cystic fibrosis
Inherited disease that affects the entire body, causing progressive disability and often early death. The name cystic fibrosis refers to the characteristic scarring (fibrosis) and cyst formation within the pancreas.
dysphonia
condition of difficulty in speaking; hoarseness
dyspnea
difficulty in breathing
emphysema
Chronic pulmonary disease in which the alveoli become distended and the alveolar walls become damaged or destroyed, making it difficult to exhale air from the lungs. It is included in a group of diseases (chronic bronchitis, emphysema) called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD. The primary cause of emphysema is cigarette smoking.
empyema
pus in a body cavity, especially the pleural cavity
endotracheal
within the trachea
epistaxis
nosebleed
eupnea
good or normal breathing
exhalation
process of breathing out
expectoration
Process of coughing up and spitting out material (sputum) from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea
heimlich maneuver
A first aid technique used to force an upper airway obstruction (usually a bolus of food) out of the trachea; also called abdominal thrusts.
hemoptysis
spitting up blood
hyperpnea
abnormally deep and rapid breathing
hyperventilation
Process of excessive ventilating, thereby increasing the air in the lungs beyond the normal limi
hypoxemia
deficient amount of oxygen in the blood
influenza
acute, contagious respiratory infection caused by a virus
inhalation
process of breathing in
laryngeal
pertaining to the larynx
laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx
laryngoscope
medical instrument used to visually examine the larynx
legionnaires disease
severe pulmonary pneumonia caused by a bacterium called Legionella pneumophila
lobectomy
surgical excision of a love of any organ or gland (like lung)
lung cancer
a cancer that begins in the lungs (bronchi, bronchioles, and/or alveoli)
mesothelioma
Malignant tumor of the mesothelium (serous membrane of the pleura) found most often in people who smoke or people with a history of exposure to asbestos
nasopharyngitis
inflammation of the nose and pharynx
olfaction
process of smelling
orthopnea
inability to breath unless in an upright or straight position
palatopharyngoplasty
acute, infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis; whooping cough
pharyngitis
inflammation of the pharynx
pleurisy
Inflammation of the pleura caused by injury, infection, or a tumor. The inflamed pleural layers rub against each other every time the lungs expand to breathe in air, which can cause sharp pain with breathing
pleuritis
inflammation of the pleura
pleurodynia
pain in the pleura
pneumoconiosis
abnormal condition of the lung caused by the inhalation of dust particles
pneumonectomy
surgical excision of the left or right lung
pneumonia
Inflammation of the lung caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or chemical irritants.
pneumonitis
inflammation of the lung
pneumothorax
A pathological condition in which there is a collection of air between the chest wall and lungs, causing the lung to collapse. It may occur spontaneously or after physical trauma to the chest or as a complication of medical treatment.
pulmonologist
Physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary diseases
pulmonology
the study of pulmonary diseases
rale
Abnormal sound heard on auscultation of the chest; a crackling, rattling, or bubbling sound
respirator
Medical device used to assist in breathing; type of machine used for prolonged artificial respiration
respiratory syncytial virus infection
Most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia among infants and children under 2 years of age. It is contagious and spreads through the respiratory secretions of infected persons or contact with contaminated surfaces or objects.
rhinoplasty
surgical repair of the nose
rhinorrhea
discharge from the nose
rhinovirus
one of a subgroup of viruses that causes the common cold in humans
rhonchus
Rale or rattling sound in the throat or bronchial tubes caused by a partial obstruction
sarcoidosis
Chronic granulomatous condition that can involve almost any organ system of the body, usually the lungs, causing dyspnea on exertion
severe acute respiratory syndrome
Contagious viral respiratory infection that was first described in 2003; serious form of pneumonia resulting in acute respiratory distress and sometimes death
sinusitis
inflammation of a sinus
spirometer
Medical instrument used to measure lung volume during inspiration and expiration
sputum
Substance coughed up from the lungs; can be watery, thick, purulent, clear, or bloody and can contain microorganisms
stridor
high pitched sound caused by partial obstruction of the air passageway
tachypnea
rapid breathing
thoracocentesis
Surgical puncture of the chest wall for removal of fluid; also called thoracentesis. Can be used in pleurisy to remove excess fluid that has accumulated in the chest cavity
thoracoplasty
surgical repair of the chest wall
thoracotomy
incision into the chest wall
tonsilitis
inflammation of the tonsils
tracheal
pertaining to the trachea
tracheostomy
new opening into the trachea
tracheotomy
incision into the trachea
tuberculosis
Infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can form tubercles (soft nodules of necrosis) in the lungs and other infected parts of the body
ventilator
A machine that supports breathing; ventilators are used to breathe for individuals who are unable to breathe on their own
wheeze
a high pitched whistling sound caused by constriction of the air passageway
AAP
American academy of pediatrics
ABGs
arterial blood gases
ACIP
advisory committee if immunization practices
AFB
acid-fast bacilli
ARD
acute respiratory disease
ARDS
acute respiratory distress syndrome
ASO
antistreptolysin O
CF
cystic fibrosis
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CXR
chest xray
DTaP
diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis
ERV
expiratory reserve volume
ET
endotracheal
FIV
forced inspiratory volume
FRC
functional residual capacity
F-V loop
flow volume loop
HMD
hyaline membrane disease
IC
inspiratory capacity
IGRA
interferon-gamma release assay
IRDS
infant respiratory distress syndrome
IRV
inspiratory reserve volume
IV
intravenous
LTBI
latent TB infection
MVV
maximal voluntary ventilation
NRDS
neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
NSCLC
non small cell lung cancer
R
respiration
RD
respiratory disease
RDS
respiratory distress syndrome
RSV
respiratory syncytial virus
RV
residual volume
SARS
severe acute respiratory syndrome
TLC
total lung capacity
TV
tidal volume
VC
vital capacity
