ch.10 Flashcards
1
Q
alveol/o
A
small, hollow air sac
2
Q
anthrac/o
A
coal
3
Q
aspirat/o
A
to draw in
4
Q
atel/o
A
imperfect
5
Q
bronch/o
A
bronchus
6
Q
bronchi/o
A
bronchus
7
Q
bronchiol/o
A
bronchiole
8
Q
coni/o
A
dust
9
Q
cyan/o
A
dark blue
10
Q
cyst/o
A
sac
11
Q
fibr/o
A
fiber
12
Q
halat/o
A
breathe
13
Q
hem/o
A
blood
14
Q
laryng/o
A
larynx, voice box
15
Q
lob/o
A
lobe
16
Q
nas/o
A
nose
17
Q
olfact/o
A
smell
18
Q
orth/o
A
straight
19
Q
ox/o
A
oxygen
20
Q
palat/o
A
palate
21
Q
pector/o
A
chest
22
Q
pharyng/o
A
pharynx, throat
23
Q
phon/o
A
voice, sound
24
Q
pleur/o
A
pleura
25
pneum/o
air
26
pneumon/o
lung
27
pulmon/o
lung
28
py/o
pus
29
respirat/o
breathing
30
rhin/o
nose
31
rhonch/o
snore
32
sarc/o
flesh
33
spir/o
breathe
34
thorac/o
chest
35
tonsill/o
tonsil
36
trache/o
trachea
37
tubercul/o
a little swelling, nodule
38
ventilat/o
to air
39
vir/o
virus (poison)
40
log
study
41
sinus
curve, hollow
42
sphyxis, sphyx
pulse
43
alveolus
pertaining to a small air sac in the lungs
44
anthracosis
lung condition caused by inhalation of coal dust and silica; black lung
45
apnea
Temporary cessation of breathing. Sleep apnea is a temporary cessation of breathing during sleep. Obstructive apnea is caused by obstruction to the upper airway. Central apnea is marked by absence of respiratory muscle activity.
46
asphyxia
Emergency condition in which there is a depletion of oxygen in the blood with an increase of carbon dioxide in the blood and tissues
47
aspiration
The act of drawing in or out by suction using a device such as a syringe or needle; the process of drawing foreign bodies—such as food, liquid, or other substances—into the nose, throat, or lungs on inspiration
48
asthma
Disease of the bronchi characterized by wheezing, dyspnea, and a feeling of constriction in the chest. Inflammation of the airways causes airflow into and out of the lungs to be restricted. During an asthma attack, the muscles of the bronchial tree constrict and the linings of the air passages swell, reducing airflow and producing the characteristic wheezing sound.
49
atelectasis
A disorder characterized by the collapse of part of or the entire lung or failure of the lung to expand (inflate) completely; collapsed lung
50
bronchiectasis
Chronic dilation of a bronchus or bronchi, with a secondary infection that usually involves the lower portion of a lung
51
bronchiolitis
inflammation of the bronchioles
52
bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi
53
bronchoscope
medical instrument used to visually examine the bronchi
54
carbon dioxide
colorless, odorless gas produced by the oxidation of carbon; it is a waste gas from metabolism that needs to be exhaled
55
cheyne-stokes respiration
Rhythmic cycle of breathing with a gradual increase in respiration followed by apnea (which may last from 10 to 60 seconds), then a repeat of the same cycle
56
cough
Sudden, forceful expulsion of air from the lungs; an essential protective response that clears irritants, secretions, or foreign objects from the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs
57
croup
Acute respiratory disease (ARD) characterized by obstruction of the larynx, a barking cough, dyspnea, hoarseness, and stridor (high-pitched noisy breathing).
58
cyanosis
Abnormal condition of the skin and mucous membrane caused by oxygen deficiency in the blood. The skin, fingernails, and mucous membranes can appear slightly bluish or grayish.
59
cystic fibrosis
Inherited disease that affects the entire body, causing progressive disability and often early death. The name cystic fibrosis refers to the characteristic scarring (fibrosis) and cyst formation within the pancreas.
60
dysphonia
condition of difficulty in speaking; hoarseness
61
dyspnea
difficulty in breathing
62
emphysema
Chronic pulmonary disease in which the alveoli become distended and the alveolar walls become damaged or destroyed, making it difficult to exhale air from the lungs. It is included in a group of diseases (chronic bronchitis, emphysema) called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD. The primary cause of emphysema is cigarette smoking.
63
empyema
pus in a body cavity, especially the pleural cavity
64
endotracheal
within the trachea
65
epistaxis
nosebleed
66
eupnea
good or normal breathing
67
exhalation
process of breathing out
68
expectoration
Process of coughing up and spitting out material (sputum) from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea
69
heimlich maneuver
A first aid technique used to force an upper airway obstruction (usually a bolus of food) out of the trachea; also called abdominal thrusts.
70
hemoptysis
spitting up blood
71
hyperpnea
abnormally deep and rapid breathing
72
hyperventilation
Process of excessive ventilating, thereby increasing the air in the lungs beyond the normal limi
73
hypoxemia
deficient amount of oxygen in the blood
74
influenza
acute, contagious respiratory infection caused by a virus
75
inhalation
process of breathing in
76
laryngeal
pertaining to the larynx
77
laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx
78
laryngoscope
medical instrument used to visually examine the larynx
79
legionnaires disease
severe pulmonary pneumonia caused by a bacterium called Legionella pneumophila
80
lobectomy
surgical excision of a love of any organ or gland (like lung)
81
lung cancer
a cancer that begins in the lungs (bronchi, bronchioles, and/or alveoli)
82
mesothelioma
Malignant tumor of the mesothelium (serous membrane of the pleura) found most often in people who smoke or people with a history of exposure to asbestos
83
nasopharyngitis
inflammation of the nose and pharynx
84
olfaction
process of smelling
85
orthopnea
inability to breath unless in an upright or straight position
86
palatopharyngoplasty
acute, infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis; whooping cough
87
pharyngitis
inflammation of the pharynx
88
pleurisy
Inflammation of the pleura caused by injury, infection, or a tumor. The inflamed pleural layers rub against each other every time the lungs expand to breathe in air, which can cause sharp pain with breathing
89
pleuritis
inflammation of the pleura
90
pleurodynia
pain in the pleura
91
pneumoconiosis
abnormal condition of the lung caused by the inhalation of dust particles
92
pneumonectomy
surgical excision of the left or right lung
93
pneumonia
Inflammation of the lung caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or chemical irritants.
94
pneumonitis
inflammation of the lung
95
pneumothorax
A pathological condition in which there is a collection of air between the chest wall and lungs, causing the lung to collapse. It may occur spontaneously or after physical trauma to the chest or as a complication of medical treatment.
96
pulmonologist
Physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary diseases
97
pulmonology
the study of pulmonary diseases
98
rale
Abnormal sound heard on auscultation of the chest; a crackling, rattling, or bubbling sound
99
respirator
Medical device used to assist in breathing; type of machine used for prolonged artificial respiration
100
respiratory syncytial virus infection
Most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia among infants and children under 2 years of age. It is contagious and spreads through the respiratory secretions of infected persons or contact with contaminated surfaces or objects.
101
rhinoplasty
surgical repair of the nose
102
rhinorrhea
discharge from the nose
103
rhinovirus
one of a subgroup of viruses that causes the common cold in humans
104
rhonchus
Rale or rattling sound in the throat or bronchial tubes caused by a partial obstruction
105
sarcoidosis
Chronic granulomatous condition that can involve almost any organ system of the body, usually the lungs, causing dyspnea on exertion
106
severe acute respiratory syndrome
Contagious viral respiratory infection that was first described in 2003; serious form of pneumonia resulting in acute respiratory distress and sometimes death
107
sinusitis
inflammation of a sinus
108
spirometer
Medical instrument used to measure lung volume during inspiration and expiration
109
sputum
Substance coughed up from the lungs; can be watery, thick, purulent, clear, or bloody and can contain microorganisms
110
stridor
high pitched sound caused by partial obstruction of the air passageway
111
tachypnea
rapid breathing
112
thoracocentesis
Surgical puncture of the chest wall for removal of fluid; also called thoracentesis. Can be used in pleurisy to remove excess fluid that has accumulated in the chest cavity
113
thoracoplasty
surgical repair of the chest wall
114
thoracotomy
incision into the chest wall
115
tonsilitis
inflammation of the tonsils
116
tracheal
pertaining to the trachea
117
tracheostomy
new opening into the trachea
118
tracheotomy
incision into the trachea
119
tuberculosis
Infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can form tubercles (soft nodules of necrosis) in the lungs and other infected parts of the body
120
ventilator
A machine that supports breathing; ventilators are used to breathe for individuals who are unable to breathe on their own
121
wheeze
a high pitched whistling sound caused by constriction of the air passageway
122
AAP
American academy of pediatrics
123
ABGs
arterial blood gases
124
ACIP
advisory committee if immunization practices
125
AFB
acid-fast bacilli
126
ARD
acute respiratory disease
127
ARDS
acute respiratory distress syndrome
128
ASO
antistreptolysin O
129
CF
cystic fibrosis
130
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
131
CXR
chest xray
132
DTaP
diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis
133
ERV
expiratory reserve volume
134
ET
endotracheal
135
FIV
forced inspiratory volume
136
FRC
functional residual capacity
137
F-V loop
flow volume loop
138
HMD
hyaline membrane disease
139
IC
inspiratory capacity
140
IGRA
interferon-gamma release assay
141
IRDS
infant respiratory distress syndrome
142
IRV
inspiratory reserve volume
143
IV
intravenous
144
LTBI
latent TB infection
145
MVV
maximal voluntary ventilation
146
NRDS
neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
147
NSCLC
non small cell lung cancer
148
R
respiration
149
RD
respiratory disease
150
RDS
respiratory distress syndrome
151
RSV
respiratory syncytial virus
152
RV
residual volume
153
SARS
severe acute respiratory syndrome
154
TLC
total lung capacity
155
TV
tidal volume
156
VC
vital capacity
