ch. 18 Flashcards
agor/a
marketplace
aut/o
self
centr/o
center
compuls/o
compel, drive
cycl/o
circle, cycle
delus/o
to cheat
eg/o
I, self
neur/o
nerve
obsess/o
besieged by thoughts
path/o
disease
phob/o
fear
phren/o
mind
pysch/o
mind
schiz/o
to divide
somat/o
body
thym/o
mind, emotion
trop/o
turning
hallucinat
to wander in mind
iatr
treatment
affect
In psychology, observable evidence of an individual’s emotional reaction associated with an experience
affective disorder
Characterized by a disturbance of mood accompanied by a manic or depressive syndrome; this syndrome is not caused by any other physical or mental disorder
agoraphobia
Characterized by a disturbance of mood accompanied by a manic or depressive syndrome; this syndrome is not caused by any other physical or mental disorder
anorexia nervosa
Complex psychological disorder in which the individual refuses to eat or has an abnormally limited eating pattern. People with eating disorders may engage in self-induced vomiting and abuse of laxatives, diuretics, or prolonged exercise to control their weight. The condition could lead them to become excessively thin or even emaciated. In severe cases, this condition can be life-threatening.
anxiety
Feeling of uneasiness, apprehension, worry, or dread; involuntary or reflex reaction of the body to stress. Anxiety can be a normal reaction to stress and can help us deal with a tense situation, study harder for an exam, or keep focused on an important speech. In general, it can help us cope.
anxiety disorder
Mental disorders that can affect adults and children and are chronic, growing progressively worse if not treated. These disorders appear to be caused by an interaction of biopsychosocial factors, including genetic vulnerability, which interact with situations, stress, or trauma to produce clinically significant syndromes.
apathy
Condition in which a person lacks feelings and emotions and is indifferent
apperception
Comprehension or assimilation of the meaning and significance of a particular sensory stimulus as modified by an individual’s own experiences, knowledge, thoughts, and emotions
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
One of the most common childhood disorders, ADHD can continue through adolescence and adulthood. Symptoms include difficulty staying focused and paying attention, difficulty controlling behavior, and hyperactivity.
autism spectrum disorder
A DSM-5 term that reflects a scientific consensus that four previously separate disorders are actually a single condition with different levels of symptom severity. Some children are mildly impaired by their symptoms, but others are severely disabled. DSM-5 currently defines four disorders:
Autistic disorder (autism)
Asperger disorder (Asperger syndrome)
Childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD)
Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS)
bipolar disorder
Brain disorder also known as manic-depressive illness that causes unusual shifts in a person’s mood, energy, and ability to carry out day-to-day tasks. Bipolar disorder is characterized by cycling mood changes: mania or hypomania (a less severe form of mania) and severe lows (depression). In DSM-5, a specifier, with mixed features, can be applied to episodes of mania/hypomania and depression that occur simultaneously.
compulsion
Uncontrollable, recurrent, and distressing urge to perform an act in order to relieve fear connected with obsession. Common compulsions involve excessive handwashing, touching objects, and continual counting and checking.
cyclothymic disorder
Mood disorder characterized by alternating moods of elation and depression, similar to bipolar disorder but of milder intensity
delirium
State of mental confusion marked by illusions, hallucinations, excitement, restlessness, delusions, and speech incoherence
delusion
Characterized by bizarre thoughts that have no basis in reality; a fixed, false belief or abnormal perception held by a person despite evidence to the contrary
dementia
Problem in the brain that makes it difficult for a person to remember, learn, and communicate and eventually to take care of him- or herself; can also affect a person’s mood and personality. Dementia of the Alzheimer type is the most common form.
depression
Mental disorder marked by altered mood and loss of interest in things that are usually pleasurable such as food, sex, work, friends, hobbies, or entertainment.
dissociation
Defense mechanism in which a group of mental processes become separated from normal consciousness and, thus separated, function as a unitary whole. In dissociative disorder there is a severe disturbance or trauma that causes changes in memory, consciousness, identity, and general awareness of oneself and one’s environment. There are four primary types of dissociative disorders: psychogenic amnesia, psychogenic fugue, dissociative identity disorder (DID), and depersonalization disorder.
eating disorders
Disorders that cause serious disturbances to an individual’s everyday diet, such as eating extremely small amounts of food or severely overeating; anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder are the most common types
egocentric
pertaining to being self centered
factitious disorder
Disorder that is not real, genuine, or natural. The physical and psychological symptoms are produced by the person to place him- or herself or another in the role of a patient or someone in need of help. These patients have a severe personality disturbance. Munchausen syndrome is a chronic factitious disorder in which a healthy person habitually seeks medical treatment; in the rare Munchausen-by-proxy syndrome (MBPS), a parent (usually the mother) or other caregiver is the deliberate cause of a child’s illness (by poisoning, for instance) to gain sympathy or attention.
fugue
Dissociative disorder in which amnesia is accompanied by physical flight from customary surroundings. In psychogenic fugue, there is sudden, unexpected travel away from an individual’s home or place of work with inability to recall the past. The individual can assume a partial or completely new identity. This condition is usually of short duration but can last for months. Following recovery, the person does not recall anything that happened during the fugue.
generalized anxiety disorder
Characterized by much higher levels of anxiety than people normally experience day to day. It is chronic and fills a person’s day with exaggerated worry and tension. Having this disorder means always anticipating disaster, often worrying excessively about health, money, family, or work.
hallucination
Process of experiencing sensations that have no source. Some examples of hallucinations include hearing nonexistent voices, seeing nonexistent things, and experiencing burning or pain sensations with no physical cause.
hypomania
Abnormal mood of mild mania characterized by hyperactivity, inflated self-esteem, talkativeness, heightened sexual interest, quickness to anger, irritability, and a decreased need for sleep
impulse control disorder
Mental condition in which the person is unable to resist urges or impulses to perform acts that could be harmful to him- or herself or others. Pyromania (starting fires), kleptomania (stealing), and compulsive gambling are examples of impulse control disorders.
mania
Mental disorder characterized by excessive excitement; literally means madness
mood
Pervasive and sustained emotion that plays a key role in an individual’s perception of the world. Examples include depression, joy, elation, anger, and anxiety.
neurotic
Pertaining to one who has an abnormal emotional or mental disorder
norepinephrine
Hormone produced by the adrenal medulla that acts as a neurotransmitter. It is believed that disturbances in its metabolism at important brain sites can be implicated in affective disorders.
obsession
Neurotic state in which an individual has a recurrent, persistent thought, image, or impulse that is unwanted and distressing and comes involuntarily to mind despite attempts to resist
paranoia
Mental disorder characterized by highly exaggerated or unwarranted mistrust or suspiciousness; generally classified into three categories: paranoid personality disorder, delusional (paranoid) disorder, and paranoid schizophrenia. Delusional (paranoid) disorder is characterized by persistent delusions of persecution or grandeur or a combination of the two.
personality disorder
Mental disorder characterized by inflexible and maladaptive personality traits that are exhibited across many contexts and deviate markedly from those accepted by the individual’s culture; often causes problems in work, school, or social relationships.
phobia
Morbid and persistent fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that results in a compelling desire to avoid the feared stimulus.
post traumatic stress disorder
Debilitating anxiety disorder that can develop following a terrifying event. It was brought to public attention by war veterans. In DSM-5, the diagnostic thresholds have been lowered for children and adolescents and separate criteria have been added for children age 6 years or younger. PTSD can result from any number of traumatic incidents, such as a mugging, rape, or torture; being kidnapped or held captive; child abuse; serious accidents; and natural disasters.
physiatrist
Physician who specializes in the study and treatment of mental disorders
psychopath
Mentally ill individual with an antisocial personality disorder; also called sociopath
psychosis
Serious, abnormal mental condition in which the individual’s mental capacity to recognize reality and communicate with and relate to others is impaired; the person can experience delusions and hallucinations
psychosomatic
Pertaining to the interrelationship of the mind and the body; a manifestation of physical disease that has a mental origin
psychotropic
Drug that affects psychic function, behavior, or experience
pyromania
Impulsive disorder consisting of a compulsion to set fires or to watch fires; literally means a madness for fire; person suffering from this disorder (pyromaniac) receives pleasure and emotional relief from these activities
schizophrenia
Mental disorder characterized by positive and negative symptoms. Positive (psychotic) symptoms include delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech. Negative symptoms include social withdrawal, extreme apathy, diminished motivation, and blunted emotional expression.
seasonal affective disorder
form of depression that appears related to fluctuations in a person’s exposure to natural light; usually strikes during autumn and often continues through the winter when natural light is reduced
serotonin
Chemical present in gastrointestinal mucosa, platelets, mast cells, and carcinoid tumors; a vasoconstrictor and a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS); affects sleep and sensory perception
sexual disorders
Disorders that affect sexual desire, performance, and behavior.
somatic symptom disorder
Mental disorder in which the person experiences the physical symptoms of an illness that are not explained by a medical condition or a medication. SSD is characterized by somatic symptoms that are either very distressing or result in significant disruption of functioning, as well as excessive and disproportionate thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding those symptoms.
substance abuse
Misuse of medications, alcohol, or illegal substances
suicide
Willfully ending one’s own life.
tic disorder
Characterized by spasmodic muscular contractions most commonly involving the face, mouth, eyes, head, neck, or shoulder muscles. People with tic disorders make sounds or display body movements that are repetitive, quick, sudden, and/or uncontrollable. In general, tics are of psychological or neurological origin.
-phobia
fear
an-
lack of, without
-orexia
without appetite
-orexia
appetite
-ism
condition
-ion
process
-ic
pertaining to
hypo-
deficient, below
-mania
madness
-tic
pertaining to
para-
beside, abnormal
-noia
mind
phob
fear
-ia
condition
-ist
one who specializes
-osis
condition
pyro-
fire
ADHD
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
AMI
any mental illness
APA
American Psychiatric Association
ASD
autism spectrum disorder
CBT
cognitive behavioral therapy
CDD
childhood disintegrative disorder
CNS
central nervous system
DID
dissociative identity disorder
DSM-5
diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition
ECT
electroconvulsive therapy
GAD
generalized anxiety disorder
HHS
department of health and human services
IQ
intelligence quotient
MAOIs
monomine oxidase inhibitors
MBPS
munchausen by proxy syndrome
MD
medical doctor
MMPI-2
minnesota multiphase personality inventory- 2
NIH
national institutes of health
NIMH
national institutes of mental health
OCD
obsessive compulsive disorder
PD
personality disorder
PPD-NOS
pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified
PTSD
post traumatic stress disorder
SAD
seasonal affective disorder
SMI
serious mental illness
SNRIs
serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
SSD
somatic system disorder
TAT
thematic apperception test
TS
tourettes syndrome
WAIS-R
wechsler adult intelligence scale- revised
