ch.11 Flashcards
albumin/o
protein
bacteri/o
bacteria
bil/i
bile
calc/i
calcium
corpor/o
body
cutane/o
skin
cyst/o
bladder
glomerul/o
glomerulus, little ball
glycos/o
glucose, sugar
hem/o
blood
hemat/o
blood
keton/o
ketone
lith/o
stone
meat/o
passage
nephr/o
kidney
noct/o
night
perine/o
perineum
peritone/o
peritoneum
py/o
pus
pyel/o
renal pelvis
ren/o
kidney
scler/o
hardening
son/o
sound
ur/o
urine, urinate, urination
ureter/o
ureter
urethr/o
urethra
urinat/o
urine
contin
to hold
excretor
sifted out
strict
to draw, ti bind
uret
urine
albuminuria
Indicates the presence of serum protein in the urine. Albumin is the major protein in blood plasma.
antidiuretic
Pertaining to a medication that decreases urine production and secretion
anuria
without the formation of urine; lack of urine production
bacteriuria
Presence of bacteria in the urine
calciuria
presence of calcium in the urine
calculus
Pebble; any abnormal concretion (stone); plural: calculi
catheter
Tube of plastic, silicone, rubber, or plastic that is inserted into a body cavity to remove fluid or to inject fluid.
chronic kidney disease
Disease that results from any condition that causes gradual loss of kidney function. When the kidneys are damaged and cannot filter blood as well as healthy kidneys, waste from the blood remains in the body. CKD can lead to kidney failure
cystectomy
Surgical excision of the bladder or part of the bladder
cystitis
Inflammation of the bladder, usually occurring secondarily to ascending urinary tract infections.
cystocele
Hernia of the bladder that protrudes into the vagina
cystogram
An x-ray record of the bladder
cystolith
A bladder stone; a vesical calculus
cystoscope
Medical instrument used for visual examination of the bladder
dialysis
Medical procedure to separate waste material from the blood and to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance in impaired kidney function or in the absence of a kidney.
diuresis
Pathological condition of increased or excessive flow of urine;
dysuria
Difficult or painful urination
edema
Pathological condition in which the body tissues contain an accumulation of fluid
enuresis
Condition of involuntary emission of urine; bedwetting
excretory
Pertaining to the elimination of waste products from the body
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
Process whereby a medical device is used to crush kidney stones (renal calculi). The patient is usually sedated and a computerized x-ray machine is used to pinpoint the location of the stone within the kidney. A series of shock waves (several hundred to two thousand) is administered to the stone, pounding it until it crumbles into small pieces. These pieces are generally flushed out with urine
glomerular
pertaining to the glomerulus; a network of blood vessels located within the glomerular (Bowman) capsule that permits a greater surface area for filtration
glomerulitis
inflammation of the renal glomeruli
glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the kidney involving primarily the glomeruli.
glycosuria
presence of glucose in the urine
hematuria
Presence of red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the urine.
hemodialysis
use of an artificial kidney to separate waste from the blood. The blood is circulated through tubes made of semipermeable membranes, and these tubes are continually bathed by solutions that remove waste.
hydronephrosis
Pathological condition in which urine collects in the renal pelvis because of an obstructed outflow, thereby causing distention and damage to the kidney
hypercalciuria
Excessive amount of calcium in the urine
incontinence
Inability to hold or control urination or defecation
interstitial cystitis
Chronically irritable and painful inflammation of the bladder wall
ketonuria
Presence of ketones in the urine resulting from breakdown of fats due to faulty or inadequate carbohydrate metabolism
lithotripsy
crushing of a kidney stone
meatotomy
Opening or passage; the external opening of the urethra
nephrectomy
Surgical excision of a kidney
nephritis
inflammation of the kidneys
nephrolithiasis
Commonly called kidney stones; usually deposits of mineral salts, called calculi, in the kidney. These stones can pass into the ureter, irritate kidney tissue, and block urine flow.
nephrology
study of the kidney; study of kidney function as well as diagnosis and treatment of renal diseases
nephroma
kidney tumor
nephron
Basic structural and functional unit of the kidney
nephropathy
Pathological disease of the kidney
nephrosclerosis
Condition of hardening of the kidney
nocturia
Urination during the night
oliguria
Scanty, decreased amount of urine.
percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy
Crushing of a kidney stone by using ultrasound. This is an invasive surgical procedure performed by using a nephroscope.
peritoneal dialysis
Separation of waste from the blood by using a peritoneal catheter and dialysis. Fluid is introduced into the peritoneal cavity, and wastes from the blood pass into this fluid. The fluid and waste are then removed from the body.
periurethral
pertaining to around the urethra; the immediate area surrounding the urethra
polyuria
much urine; frequent urination
pyelitis
inflammation of the renal pelvis
pyelolithotomy
Surgical incision into the renal pelvis for removal of a stone
pyelonephritis
Inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis.
pyuria
Pus or white blood cells in the urine
renal
pertaining to the kidney
renal colic
Sharp, severe pain in the lower back over the kidney, radiating forward into the groin. It usually accompanies forcible dilation of a ureter, followed by spasm as a stone is lodged or passed through it.
renal failure
Pathological failure of the kidney to function; also referred to as kidney failure
renal transplantation
The organ transplant of a healthy donor kidney into a patient with end-stage renal disease. The transplanted kidney takes over the work of the two kidneys that failed, so dialysis is no longer needed. Also called kidney transplantation
renin
An enzyme produced by the kidney that stimulates vasoconstriction and secretion of aldosterone.
sediment
Substance that settles at the bottom of a liquid; a precipitate
sterile
State of being free from living microorganisms; aseptic
uremia
excess of urea, creatinine, and other nitrogenous end products of protein and amino acid metabolism accumulated in the blood; also referred to as azotemia
ureteroplasty
surgical repair of a ureter
ureterostomy
Surgical creation of a new opening into the ureter to provide an alternate route for drainage of urine
urethral stricture
Narrowing or constriction of the urethra
urethroperineal
Pertaining to the urethra and perineum
urgency
Sudden need to void, urinate
urination
the release of urine from the bladder through the urethra to the outside of the body; to void
urobilin
Brown pigment formed by the oxidation of urobilinogen; may be formed in the urine after exposure to air
urochrome
pigment that gives urine the normal yellow color
urologist
physician who specializes in the study of the urinary system
urology
study of the urinary system
AGN
acute glomerulonephritis
ANS
acute nephritic syndrome
BPH
benign prostatic hyperplasia
BUN
blood urea nitrogen
CAPD
continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
CGN
chronic glomerulonephritis
CKD
chronic kidney disease
CLIA
clinical laboratory improvement amendments
CT KUB
computed tomography of kidneys, ureters, bladder
cysto
cystoscopy
ESRD
end stage renal disease
ESWL
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
GFR
glomerular filtration rate
GU
genitourinary
IC
interstitial cystitis
IPD
intermittent peritoneal disease
IVP
intravenous pyelogram
PD
peritoneal dialysis
pH
hydrogen ion concentration
PUL
percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy
RP
retrograde pyelography
sp. gr.
specific gravity
UA
urinalysis
UG
urogenital
UTI
urinary tract infection
