ch. 12 Flashcards
1
Q
acid/o
A
acid
2
Q
acr/o
A
extremity, point
3
Q
aden/o
A
gland
4
Q
andr/o
A
man
5
Q
cortic/o
A
cortex
6
Q
crin/o
A
to secrete
7
Q
estr/o
A
female
8
Q
ger/o
A
old age
9
Q
gigant/o
A
giant
10
Q
gluc/o
A
sweet, sugar
11
Q
gonad/o
A
seed
12
Q
hirsut/o
A
hairy
13
Q
hydr/o
A
water
14
Q
insulin/o
A
insulin
15
Q
kal/i
A
potassium (K)
16
Q
myx/o
A
mucus
17
Q
nephr/o
A
kidney
18
Q
nuer/o
A
nerve
19
Q
ophthlam/o
A
eye
20
Q
pancreat/o
A
pancreas
21
Q
somat/o
A
body
22
Q
test/o
A
testicle
23
Q
thym/o
A
thymus
24
Q
thyr/o(x)
A
thyroid, shield
25
toxic/o
poison
26
trop/o
turning
27
vas/o
vessel
28
viril/o
masculine
29
cortis
cortex
30
dwarf
small
31
esthes
sensation
32
gester
to bear
33
glandul
little acorn
34
insul
insulin
35
letharg
drowsiness
36
log
study
37
pine
pine cone
38
pituitar
pituitary gland
39
press
to press
40
ster
solid
41
acidosis
condition of excessive acidity of body fluids
42
acromegaly
characterized by marked enlargement and elongation of the bones of the face, jaw, and extremities
43
addisons disease
results from a deficiency in the secretion of adrenocortical hormones; also called adrenal insufficiency
44
adenectomy
surgical excision of a gland
45
adenoma
tumor of a gland
46
adrenal
pertaining to the adrenal glands, triangular bodies that cover the superior surface of the kidneys; suprarenal glands
47
adrenalectomy
surgical excision of an adrenal gland
48
androgen
hormones that produce or stimulate the development of male characteristics (testosterone and androsterone)
49
congenital hypothyroidism
a severe deficiency of thyroid hormone in newborns
50
cortisone
glucocorticoid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; used as an anti-inflammatory agent
51
cushing disease
results from hypersecretion of cortisol. Prolonged administration of large doses of ACTH can cause cushing syndrome. a buffalo hump and a moon face are characteristic signs of this condition
52
diabetes
general term used to describe diseases characterized by polyuria
53
diabetes melitus
Group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin production, insulin secretion, or both. There are three major types of diabetes mellitus: type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes, which occurs as a result of pregnancy.
54
dwarfism
Condition of being abnormally small. It is a medical disorder characterized by an adult height less than 4 feet 10 inches (147 cm) and is usually classified as to the underlying condition that is the cause for the short stature. Dwarfism is not necessarily caused by any specific disease or disorder; it can simply be a naturally occurring consequence of a person’s genetic makeup.
55
endocrinologist
physician who specializes in the study of the endocrine system
56
endocrinology
study of the endocrine system
57
epinephrine
hormone produced by the adrenal medulla; used as a vasoconstrictor and cardiac stimulant to relax bronchospasm and relieve allergic symptoms; also called adrenaline
58
estrogen
Hormones produced by the ovaries, including estradiol, estrone, and estriol; female sex hormones important in the development of secondary sex characteristics and regulation of the menstrual cycle
59
euthyroid
normal activity of the thyroid gland
60
exocrine
pertains to a type of gland that secretes into ducts (duct glands)
61
exophthalmic
Pertaining to an abnormal condition characterized by a marked protrusion of the eyeballs as often seen in exophthalmic goiter or exophthalmos seen in Graves disease.
62
gigantism
Pathological condition of being abnormally large due to the overproduction of growth hormone (GH). In children, the condition is called gigantism. In adults, it is called acromegaly.
63
glandular
pertaining to a gland
64
glucocorticoid
general classification of the adrenal cortical hormones (cortisol/hydrocortisone and corticosterone)
65
hirsutism
abnormal condition characterized by excessive growth of hair
66
hydrocortisone
glucocorticoid (steroid) hormone produced by the adrenal cortex; used as an anti-inflammatory agent
67
hypergonadism
condition of excessive secretion of the sex glands
68
hyperinsullinism
condition of excessive amounts of insulin in the blood, causing low blood sugar
69
hyperkalemia
condition of excessive amounts of potassium in the blood
70
hyperthyroidism
Excessive secretion of thyroid hormone (TH), a condition that can affect many body systems.
71
hypogonadism
condition caused by deficient internal secretion of the gonads
72
hypoparathyroidism
deficient internal secretion of the parathyroid glands
73
hypophysis
any undergrowth; also called the pituitary gland
74
hypothyroidism
pathological condition in which the thyroid gland produces inadequate amounts of thyroid hormone. it can affect many body systems
75
insulin
Hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets in the pancreas; acts to regulate the metabolism of glucose and the process necessary for the intermediary metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins; used in the management of diabetes mellitus
76
insulinogenic
formation or production of insulin
77
iodine
trace mineral that aids in the development and functioning of the thyroid gland
78
lethargic
pertaining to drowsiness; sluggish
79
myxedema
condition of mucus swelling
80
norepinephrine
hormone produced by the adrenal medulla; used as a vasoconstrictor of peripheral blood vessels in acute hypotensive states
81
pancreatic
pertaining to the pancreas
82
pineal
endocrine gland shaped like a small pine cone
83
pituitarism
any condition of the pituitary gland
84
pituitary
pertaining to the pituitary gland, the hypophysis
85
prediabetes
Condition that occurs when a person’s blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.
86
progeria
pathological condition of premature oid age occurring in childhood
87
progesterone
hormone produced by the corpus lute of the ovary, the adrenal cortex, or the placenta; released during the second half of the menstrual cycle
88
simmonds disease
athological condition in which complete atrophy of the pituitary gland causes loss of function of the thyroid, adrenals, and gonads; panhypopituitarism
89
somatotropin
growth-stimulating hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
90
steroids
group of chemical substances that includes hormone, vitamins, sterols, cardiac glycosides, and certain drugs
91
testosterone
hormone produced by the testes; male sex hormone important in the development of secondary sex characteristics and masculinization
92
thymectomy
surgical excision of the thymus gland
93
thymitis
inflammation of the thymus gland
94
thyroid
endocrine gland located in the neck; shape resembles a shield
95
thyroidectomy
surgical excision of the thyroid gland
96
thyroiditis
inflammation of the thyroid gland
97
thyrotoxicosis
poisonous condition of the thyroid gland; pathological condition caused by an acute oversecretion of thyroid hormones
98
thyroxine
Hormone produced by the thyroid gland; important in growth and development and regulation of the body’s metabolic rate and metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
99
vasopressin
Hormone produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; also called antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
100
virilism
Pathological condition in which secondary male characteristics, such as growth of hair on face and/or body and deepening of the voice, are produced in a female, usually as the result of adrenal dysfunction or hormonal imbalance or taking medications (androgens)
101
thyroid hormones
Increase metabolic rate, cardiac output, oxygen consumption, body temperature, respiratory rate, blood volume, and carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism; influence growth and development at cellular level. Thyroid hormones are used as supplements or replacement therapy in hypothyroidism, myxedema, and congenital hypothyroidism.
EXAMPLES: Synthroid (levothyroxine sodium), Cytomel (liothyronine sodium), and Thyrolar (liotrix)
102
antithyroid hormones
Inhibit the synthesis of thyroid hormones by decreasing iodine use in manufacture of thyroglobin and iodothyronine; do not inactivate or inhibit thyroxine or triiodothyronine. They are used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.
EXAMPLES: Tapazole (methimazole), potassium iodide solution, and propylthiouracil
103
oral hypoglycemic agents
Stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic cells in noninsulin-dependent diabetics with some pancreatic function. They are agents of the sulfonylurea class.
EXAMPLES: Glucotrol (glipizide), DiaBeta (glyburide), and Glucophage (metformin)
104
hyperglycemic agents
Cause an increase in blood glucose of diabetic patients with severe hypoglycemia (insulin shock). In patients with mild hypoglycemia, the administration of an oral carbohydrate such as orange juice, candy, or a lump of sugar generally corrects the condition. For management of severe hypoglycemia, the following agents may be used.
EXAMPLES: Glucagon (an insulin antagonist) and Proglycem (diazoxide)
105
17-KS
17-ketosteroids
106
17-OHCS
17-hydroycorticosteroids
107
ACTH
adrenocorticotropin hormone
108
BG
blood glucose
109
BMI
body mass index
110
BMR
basal metabolic rate
111
CRF
corticotropin-releasing factor
112
DI
diabetes insipidus
113
DM
diabetes mellitus
114
FBG
fasting blood glucose
115
FBS
fasting blood sugar
116
FSH
follicle-stimulating hormone
117
GH
growth hormone
118
GHRF
growth hormone-releasing factor
119
GnRF
gonadtropin-releasing factor
120
GTT
glucose tolerance test
121
IDDM
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
122
LH
luteinizing hormone
123
LTH
lactogenic hormone
124
MIF
melanocyte-stimulating hormone release-inhibiting factor
125
MRF
melanocyte-stimulating hormone-releasing factor
126
MSH
melanocyte-stimulating hormone
127
NIDDM
non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
128
NPO
nothing by mouth
129
NPO
nothing by mouth
130
PBI
protein-bound iodine
131
PIF
prolactin release-inhibiting factor
132
PRF
prolactin-releasing factor
133
PRL
prolactin hormone
134
PTH
parathyroid hormone
135
RAIU
radioactive iodine uptake
136
STH
somatotropin hormone
137
T3
triiodothyronine
138
T3U
triiodothyronine uptake
139
T4
thyroxine
140
TH
thyroid hormone
141
TRH
thyrotropin-releasing hormone
142
TSH
thyroid-stimulating hormone
143
VP
vasopressin
