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med term > ch. 12 > Flashcards

ch. 12 Flashcards

1
Q

acid/o

A

acid

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2
Q

acr/o

A

extremity, point

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3
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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4
Q

andr/o

A

man

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5
Q

cortic/o

A

cortex

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6
Q

crin/o

A

to secrete

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7
Q

estr/o

A

female

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8
Q

ger/o

A

old age

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9
Q

gigant/o

A

giant

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10
Q

gluc/o

A

sweet, sugar

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11
Q

gonad/o

A

seed

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12
Q

hirsut/o

A

hairy

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13
Q

hydr/o

A

water

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14
Q

insulin/o

A

insulin

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15
Q

kal/i

A

potassium (K)

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16
Q

myx/o

A

mucus

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17
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

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18
Q

nuer/o

A

nerve

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19
Q

ophthlam/o

A

eye

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20
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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21
Q

somat/o

A

body

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22
Q

test/o

A

testicle

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23
Q

thym/o

A

thymus

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24
Q

thyr/o(x)

A

thyroid, shield

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25
Q

toxic/o

A

poison

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26
Q

trop/o

A

turning

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27
Q

vas/o

A

vessel

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28
Q

viril/o

A

masculine

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29
Q

cortis

A

cortex

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30
Q

dwarf

A

small

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31
Q

esthes

A

sensation

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32
Q

gester

A

to bear

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33
Q

glandul

A

little acorn

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34
Q

insul

A

insulin

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35
Q

letharg

A

drowsiness

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36
Q

log

A

study

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37
Q

pine

A

pine cone

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38
Q

pituitar

A

pituitary gland

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39
Q

press

A

to press

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40
Q

ster

A

solid

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41
Q

acidosis

A

condition of excessive acidity of body fluids

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42
Q

acromegaly

A

characterized by marked enlargement and elongation of the bones of the face, jaw, and extremities

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43
Q

addisons disease

A

results from a deficiency in the secretion of adrenocortical hormones; also called adrenal insufficiency

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44
Q

adenectomy

A

surgical excision of a gland

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45
Q

adenoma

A

tumor of a gland

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46
Q

adrenal

A

pertaining to the adrenal glands, triangular bodies that cover the superior surface of the kidneys; suprarenal glands

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47
Q

adrenalectomy

A

surgical excision of an adrenal gland

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48
Q

androgen

A

hormones that produce or stimulate the development of male characteristics (testosterone and androsterone)

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49
Q

congenital hypothyroidism

A

a severe deficiency of thyroid hormone in newborns

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50
Q

cortisone

A

glucocorticoid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; used as an anti-inflammatory agent

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51
Q

cushing disease

A

results from hypersecretion of cortisol. Prolonged administration of large doses of ACTH can cause cushing syndrome. a buffalo hump and a moon face are characteristic signs of this condition

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52
Q

diabetes

A

general term used to describe diseases characterized by polyuria

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53
Q

diabetes melitus

A

Group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin production, insulin secretion, or both. There are three major types of diabetes mellitus: type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes, which occurs as a result of pregnancy.

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54
Q

dwarfism

A

Condition of being abnormally small. It is a medical disorder characterized by an adult height less than 4 feet 10 inches (147 cm) and is usually classified as to the underlying condition that is the cause for the short stature. Dwarfism is not necessarily caused by any specific disease or disorder; it can simply be a naturally occurring consequence of a person’s genetic makeup.

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55
Q

endocrinologist

A

physician who specializes in the study of the endocrine system

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56
Q

endocrinology

A

study of the endocrine system

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57
Q

epinephrine

A

hormone produced by the adrenal medulla; used as a vasoconstrictor and cardiac stimulant to relax bronchospasm and relieve allergic symptoms; also called adrenaline

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58
Q

estrogen

A

Hormones produced by the ovaries, including estradiol, estrone, and estriol; female sex hormones important in the development of secondary sex characteristics and regulation of the menstrual cycle

59
Q

euthyroid

A

normal activity of the thyroid gland

60
Q

exocrine

A

pertains to a type of gland that secretes into ducts (duct glands)

61
Q

exophthalmic

A

Pertaining to an abnormal condition characterized by a marked protrusion of the eyeballs as often seen in exophthalmic goiter or exophthalmos seen in Graves disease.

62
Q

gigantism

A

Pathological condition of being abnormally large due to the overproduction of growth hormone (GH). In children, the condition is called gigantism. In adults, it is called acromegaly.

63
Q

glandular

A

pertaining to a gland

64
Q

glucocorticoid

A

general classification of the adrenal cortical hormones (cortisol/hydrocortisone and corticosterone)

65
Q

hirsutism

A

abnormal condition characterized by excessive growth of hair

66
Q

hydrocortisone

A

glucocorticoid (steroid) hormone produced by the adrenal cortex; used as an anti-inflammatory agent

67
Q

hypergonadism

A

condition of excessive secretion of the sex glands

68
Q

hyperinsullinism

A

condition of excessive amounts of insulin in the blood, causing low blood sugar

69
Q

hyperkalemia

A

condition of excessive amounts of potassium in the blood

70
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

Excessive secretion of thyroid hormone (TH), a condition that can affect many body systems.

71
Q

hypogonadism

A

condition caused by deficient internal secretion of the gonads

72
Q

hypoparathyroidism

A

deficient internal secretion of the parathyroid glands

73
Q

hypophysis

A

any undergrowth; also called the pituitary gland

74
Q

hypothyroidism

A

pathological condition in which the thyroid gland produces inadequate amounts of thyroid hormone. it can affect many body systems

75
Q

insulin

A

Hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets in the pancreas; acts to regulate the metabolism of glucose and the process necessary for the intermediary metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins; used in the management of diabetes mellitus

76
Q

insulinogenic

A

formation or production of insulin

77
Q

iodine

A

trace mineral that aids in the development and functioning of the thyroid gland

78
Q

lethargic

A

pertaining to drowsiness; sluggish

79
Q

myxedema

A

condition of mucus swelling

80
Q

norepinephrine

A

hormone produced by the adrenal medulla; used as a vasoconstrictor of peripheral blood vessels in acute hypotensive states

81
Q

pancreatic

A

pertaining to the pancreas

82
Q

pineal

A

endocrine gland shaped like a small pine cone

83
Q

pituitarism

A

any condition of the pituitary gland

84
Q

pituitary

A

pertaining to the pituitary gland, the hypophysis

85
Q

prediabetes

A

Condition that occurs when a person’s blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.

86
Q

progeria

A

pathological condition of premature oid age occurring in childhood

87
Q

progesterone

A

hormone produced by the corpus lute of the ovary, the adrenal cortex, or the placenta; released during the second half of the menstrual cycle

88
Q

simmonds disease

A

athological condition in which complete atrophy of the pituitary gland causes loss of function of the thyroid, adrenals, and gonads; panhypopituitarism

89
Q

somatotropin

A

growth-stimulating hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

90
Q

steroids

A

group of chemical substances that includes hormone, vitamins, sterols, cardiac glycosides, and certain drugs

91
Q

testosterone

A

hormone produced by the testes; male sex hormone important in the development of secondary sex characteristics and masculinization

92
Q

thymectomy

A

surgical excision of the thymus gland

93
Q

thymitis

A

inflammation of the thymus gland

94
Q

thyroid

A

endocrine gland located in the neck; shape resembles a shield

95
Q

thyroidectomy

A

surgical excision of the thyroid gland

96
Q

thyroiditis

A

inflammation of the thyroid gland

97
Q

thyrotoxicosis

A

poisonous condition of the thyroid gland; pathological condition caused by an acute oversecretion of thyroid hormones

98
Q

thyroxine

A

Hormone produced by the thyroid gland; important in growth and development and regulation of the body’s metabolic rate and metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

99
Q

vasopressin

A

Hormone produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; also called antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

100
Q

virilism

A

Pathological condition in which secondary male characteristics, such as growth of hair on face and/or body and deepening of the voice, are produced in a female, usually as the result of adrenal dysfunction or hormonal imbalance or taking medications (androgens)

101
Q

thyroid hormones

A

Increase metabolic rate, cardiac output, oxygen consumption, body temperature, respiratory rate, blood volume, and carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism; influence growth and development at cellular level. Thyroid hormones are used as supplements or replacement therapy in hypothyroidism, myxedema, and congenital hypothyroidism.
EXAMPLES: Synthroid (levothyroxine sodium), Cytomel (liothyronine sodium), and Thyrolar (liotrix)

102
Q

antithyroid hormones

A

Inhibit the synthesis of thyroid hormones by decreasing iodine use in manufacture of thyroglobin and iodothyronine; do not inactivate or inhibit thyroxine or triiodothyronine. They are used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.
EXAMPLES: Tapazole (methimazole), potassium iodide solution, and propylthiouracil

103
Q

oral hypoglycemic agents

A

Stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic cells in noninsulin-dependent diabetics with some pancreatic function. They are agents of the sulfonylurea class.
EXAMPLES: Glucotrol (glipizide), DiaBeta (glyburide), and Glucophage (metformin)

104
Q

hyperglycemic agents

A

Cause an increase in blood glucose of diabetic patients with severe hypoglycemia (insulin shock). In patients with mild hypoglycemia, the administration of an oral carbohydrate such as orange juice, candy, or a lump of sugar generally corrects the condition. For management of severe hypoglycemia, the following agents may be used.
EXAMPLES: Glucagon (an insulin antagonist) and Proglycem (diazoxide)

105
Q

17-KS

A

17-ketosteroids

106
Q

17-OHCS

A

17-hydroycorticosteroids

107
Q

ACTH

A

adrenocorticotropin hormone

108
Q

BG

A

blood glucose

109
Q

BMI

A

body mass index

110
Q

BMR

A

basal metabolic rate

111
Q

CRF

A

corticotropin-releasing factor

112
Q

DI

A

diabetes insipidus

113
Q

DM

A

diabetes mellitus

114
Q

FBG

A

fasting blood glucose

115
Q

FBS

A

fasting blood sugar

116
Q

FSH

A

follicle-stimulating hormone

117
Q

GH

A

growth hormone

118
Q

GHRF

A

growth hormone-releasing factor

119
Q

GnRF

A

gonadtropin-releasing factor

120
Q

GTT

A

glucose tolerance test

121
Q

IDDM

A

insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

122
Q

LH

A

luteinizing hormone

123
Q

LTH

A

lactogenic hormone

124
Q

MIF

A

melanocyte-stimulating hormone release-inhibiting factor

125
Q

MRF

A

melanocyte-stimulating hormone-releasing factor

126
Q

MSH

A

melanocyte-stimulating hormone

127
Q

NIDDM

A

non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

128
Q

NPO

A

nothing by mouth

129
Q

NPO

A

nothing by mouth

130
Q

PBI

A

protein-bound iodine

131
Q

PIF

A

prolactin release-inhibiting factor

132
Q

PRF

A

prolactin-releasing factor

133
Q

PRL

A

prolactin hormone

134
Q

PTH

A

parathyroid hormone

135
Q

RAIU

A

radioactive iodine uptake

136
Q

STH

A

somatotropin hormone

137
Q

T3

A

triiodothyronine

138
Q

T3U

A

triiodothyronine uptake

139
Q

T4

140
Q

TH

A

thyroid hormone

141
Q

TRH

A

thyrotropin-releasing hormone

142
Q

TSH

A

thyroid-stimulating hormone

143
Q

VP

A

vasopressin

med term (18 decks)

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