Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Ch.5 Microbial Metabolism > Flashcards

Ch.5 Microbial Metabolism Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Big Picture: Metabolism
~ The — and — of any microorganism in a given environment depend on its metabolic characteristics
1. The sum of all — reactions within a living organisms is known as metabolism
2. Catabolism refers to chemical reaction that result in the — of more complex organic molecules into simpler substances. Catabolic reactions usually — energy
3. Anabolism refers to chemical reactions in which simpler substances are — to form more complex molecules. Anabolic reactions usually ——

A
  1. Survival & Growth
  2. Chemical
  3. Breakdown
  4. Release
  5. Combined
  6. Require Energy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Big Picture: Metabolism
~ Metabolism is the — and — of nutrients within a cell
~ These chemical reactions provide — and create substances that — life

A
  1. Buildup
  2. Breakdown
  3. Energy
  4. Sustain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Big Picture: Metabolism
~ Although microbial metabolism can cause — and ——, many pathways are beneficial rather than —

A
  1. Disease
  2. Food Spoilage
  3. Pathogenic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Catabolic and Anabolic Reactions:
~ Metabolic pathways are sequences of —— chemical reactions in a cell
~ Metabolic pathways are determined by —
* Enzyme names usually end in —
~ Enzymes are ——
~ Catalysts —— chemical reactions without being altered
~ Enzymes act on a — — and lower the ——

A
  1. Enzymatically catalyzed
  2. Enzymes
  3. Ase
  4. Biological Catalysts
  5. Speed up
  6. Specific Substrate
  7. Activation Energy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Factors Influencing Enzyme Activity:
1. —
2. —
3. ——
4. —

A
  1. Temperature
  2. pH
  3. Substrate Concentration
  4. Inhibitors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Factors Influencing Enzyme Activity:
~ —— and — pH denature proteins
~ If the concentration of the substrate is high (—), the enzyme catalyzes at its — rate

A
  1. High Temperature
  2. Extreme
  3. Saturation
  4. Maximum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions:
~ Oxidation: — of electrons
~ Reduction: — of electrons
~ Each time a substance is oxidized, another is simultaneously—
~ Redox Reaction: an — reaction paired with a — reaction

A
  1. Removal
  2. Gain
  3. Reduced
  4. Oxidation
  5. Reduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
~ In biological systems, electrons and proton are removed at the — time; equivalent to a — atom
~ Biological oxidations are often —

A
  1. Same
  2. Hydrogen
  3. Dehydrogenations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The Generation of ATP:
~ ATP is generated by the — of — with the input of —
~ Why is glucose such an important molecule for organisms?
* Glucose is a — molecule; energy is — during a cell’s — of —

A
  1. Phosphorylation of ADP
  2. Energy
  3. Reduced
  4. Released
  5. Oxidation of Glucose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Substrate-Level Phosphorylation:
~ ATP generated when — energy — added to ADP generates —
* Occur during — and ——

A
  1. High
  2. PO4
  3. ATP
  4. Glycolysis
  5. Kreisler Cycle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Oxidative Phosphorylation:
~ Electrons are transferred from one electron carrier to another along ——— (system) on a membrane that — energy to generate —

A
  1. Electron Transport Chain
  2. Releases
  3. ATP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Metabolic Pathways of Energy Production:
~ Series of enzymatically catalyzed chemical reactions
~ Extracts energy from —— and stores in in chemical form(—)
~ Most of a cell’s energy is produced from oxidation of —
~ The two major types of glucose catabolism are —, in which glucose is completely broken down, and —, in which it is partially broken down

A
  1. Organic Compounds
  2. ATP
  3. Carbohydrates
  4. Respiration
  5. Fermentation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Aerobic Respiration:
~ The breakdown of — to — energy
* Glycolysis: —
* Krebs Cycle: —
* Electron transport chain(system): —— of —
~ The oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid produces — and — during glycolysis
* OVeral net gain of — molecules of — for each molecule of glucose oxidized
* —— phosphorylation

A
  1. Carbohydrates
  2. Release
  3. Cytosol
  4. Mitochondria
  5. Inner membrane of mitochondria
  6. Two
  7. ATP
  8. Substrate-level
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Glycolysis:
~ — stage
* —— are used
* Glucose is split to form two molecules of ———

A
  1. Preparatory
  2. 2 ATP
  3. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Aerobic Respiration:
~ ——
* —— (from glycolysis) is oxidized and — (loss of CO2) occurs
* THe resulting two carbon compound attaches to ——, forming —— and —
* Oxidation of acetyl CoA produces —, —, and —, and liberates — as waste
* Substrate-level phosphorylation

A
  1. Krebs Cycle
  2. Pyruvic Acid
  3. Decarboxylation
  4. Coenzyme A
  5. Acetyl CoA
  6. NADH
  7. NADH, FADH2, and ATP
  8. CO2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Aerobic Respiration:
~ ———
* Occurs in the plasma membrane of prokaryotes; inner mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotes
* Series of carrier molecules (—,—, and —) are oxidized and reduces as electrons are passed down the chain
* Energy released is used to produce ATP by —

A
  1. Electron Transport Chain
  2. Flavoproteins, Cytochromes, and Ubiquinones
  3. Chemiosmosis
17
Q

Aerobic Respiration:
~ Chemiosmosis
* Electrons (from —) pass down the electron transport chain while — are pumped across the membrane
- Establishes ——
* — in higher concentration on one side of the membrane diffuse through ——
- Releases energy to synthesize —

A
  1. NADH
  2. Protons
  3. Proton Gradient (proton motive force)
  4. Protons
  5. ATP Synthase
  6. ATP
18
Q

Aerobic Respiration:
~ The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is ——

A

Molecular Oxygen (O2)

19
Q

Each NADH can be oxidized in the electron transport chain to produce — molecules of ATP. Each FADH2 can produce — molecules of ATP

A
  1. Two
  2. Two
20
Q

Anaerobic Respiration:
~ The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is NOT —
* Yields —— than aerobic respiration

A
  1. O2
  2. Less Energy
21
Q

Fermentation:
~ Releases energy from the oxidation of ——
~ Does not require —
~ Does not use the —— or —
~ USes an —— as the final electron acceptor
~ Produces only small amounts of — during —

A

1 Organic Molecules
2. Oxygen
3. Krebs Cycle or ETC
4. Organic Molecule
5. ATP during Glycolysis

22
Q

Metabolic Diversity Among Organisms:
~ — use light energy
~ — use energy from the Calvin cycle to fix CO2 to sugar
* —: produces O2
* —: does not produce O2
~— use organic compounds as sources of carbon;anoxygenic

A
  1. Phototrophs
  2. Photoautotrophs
  3. Oxygenic
  4. Anoxygenic
  5. Photoheterotrophs
23
Q

Chemoautotrophs:
~ Use energy from — chemical; — as carbon source
~ Enery in used in the —— to fix CO2

A
  1. Inorganic
  2. CO2
  3. Calvin Cycle
24
Q

Chemoheterotrophs:
~ Use energy and carbon from — chemical
~ Medically done economically important

A

Organic

Microbiology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions