Ch.25 Microbial Diseases Of The Digestive System Flashcards
Structure and Function of the Digestive System:
~ 80% of the immune system is located in the — tract
* Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT): —— & ——
- Intestinal
- Lymph nodes & Peyer’s Patches
Diseases of the Digestive System are the — most common illness in the United States
Second
The GI tract, or alimentary canal, consists of the —, —, —, —, ——, and ——
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
In the GI tract, with — and — help from accessory structures, large food molecules are broken down into smaller molecules that can be transported by — or — to cells
- Chemical and Mechanical
- Blood or Lymph
Dental Caries (Tooth Decay)
~ Dental caries begin when —— and — are eroded and the pulp is exposed to ——
- Tooth enamel & Dentin
- Bacterial Infection
Dental Caries (Tooth Decay)
~ ——, found in the mouth, uses — to form dextran from glucose and lactic acid from fructose
- Streptococcus Mutans
- Sucrose
Dental Caries (Tooth Decay)
~ Bacteria adhere to teeth by the sticky —, forming ——
- Dextran
- Dental Plaque
Dental Caries (Tooth Decay)
~ Acid produced during carbohydrate — destroys tooth enamel at the site of the plaque
Fermentation
Dental Caries (Tooth Decay)
~ Gram — pods and Filamentous bacteria can penetrate into dentin and pulp
Positive
Dental Caries (Tooth Decay)
~ Caries are prevented by restricting the ingestion of — and by the — removal of plaque
- Sucrose
- Physica;
Periodontal Disease:
~ Caries of the cementum and gingivitis are caused by streptococci, actinomycetes, and — gram — bacteria
- Anaerobic
- Negative
Periodontal Disease:
~ ——— can cause bone destruction and tooth loss; — is due to an inflammatory response to a variety of bacteria growing on the gums
- Chronic gum disease (periodontitis)
- Periodontitis
Periodontal Disease:
~ Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis is often caused by ——
Provo tells intermedia
Bacterial Diseases of the Lower Digestive System:
~ A GI — is caused by the growth of a pathogen in the intestines and incubation times range from 12 hours to 2 weeks. Symptoms of — generally include a fever
Infection, Infection
Bacterial Diseases of the Lower Digestive System
~ A bacterial — results from ingesting performed bacterial toxins and symptoms appear 1 to 48 hours after ingestion of the toxin. Fever is not usually a symptom of —
~ These condition are usually treated with — and — replacement
- Intoxication, Intoxication
- Fluid & Electrolyte
Staphylococcal Food Poisoning
~ Staphylococcal food poisoning is caused by the ingestion of a —
Enterotoxin
Staphylococcal Food Poisoning
~ —— is inoculated into foods during preparation. The bacteria grow and produce enterotoxin in food stored at room temperature
S.aureus
Shigellosis(Bacillary Dysentery)
~ Shigellosis is caused by any four species of —
Shigella
Shigellosis (Bacillary Dysentery)
~ Symptoms include — and — in stools, ——, and — and begin 12 to 36 hours after eating large numbers of —. Septic shock can occur in infants and elderly
- Blood & mucus, abdominal cramps, fever
- Salmonella
Salmonellosis (Salmonella Gastroenteritis)
~ Salmonellosis, or salmonella gastroenteritis, is caused by many —— serovars
Salmonella enterica
Typhoid Fever
~ —— causes typhoid fever; the bacteria are transmitted by contact with ——
- Salmonella Typhi
- Human Feces
Typhoid Fever:
~ S.typhi is harbored in the — of carriers
Gallbladder
Cholera
~——— and — produce an exotoxin that alters the membrane permeability of the intestinal mucosa; the resulting vomiting and diarrhea cause loss of body fluids
Vibrio cholerae 0:1 and 0:139
Non cholera Vibrios
~ Vibrio gastroenteritis can be caused by ——
V.parahaemolyticus
Non cholera Vibrios
~ These diseases are contracted by eating contaminated — or ——
Crustaceans or Contaminated Mollusks
Escherichia Coli Gastroenteritis
~—, —, and —, strains of E.Coli cause diarrhea
Enterotoxigenic, Enteroinvasive, and Enteroaggregative
E.Coli Gastroenteritis
~ Enterohemorrhagic E.Coli, such as E.Coli ——, produce — toxins that cause inflammation and bleeding of the colon, including hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome
- 0157:H7
- Shiga
E.Coli Gastroenteritis
~ The most common causes of traveler’s diarrhea are — and — E.Coli
Enterotoxigenic & Enteroaggregative
Campylobacter Gastroenteritis
~ Campylobacter is the — most common cause of diarrhea in the United States. Campylobacter is transmitted in ——
- Second
- Cow’s milk
Helicobacter Peptic Ulcer Disease
~ —— produces ammonia, which neutralizes ——; the bacteria colonize the stomach mucosa and cause peptic ulcer disease
- Helicobacter Pylori
- Stomach Acid
Helicobacter Peptic Ulcer Disease
~ Bismuth and several — may be useful in treating peptic ulcer disease
Antibiotics
Yersinia Gastroenteritis
~ —— and —— are transmitted in meat and milk
~ Yersinia can grow at — temperatures
- Y.enterocolitica & Y.pseudotuberculosis
- Refrigeration
Clostridium Perfringens Gastroenteritis
~ C.perfringens causes a —— gastroenteritis
Self-limitinh
Clostridium Perfringens Gastroenteritits
~ — survive heating and germinate when foods(usually meats) are stored at — temperature
- Endospores
- Room
Clostridium Perfringens Gastroenteritis
~ — produced when the bacteria in the intestines is responsible for the symptoms
~ Diagnosis is based on isolating and identifying the bacteria in ——
- Exotoxin
- Stool Samples
Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea
~ Growth of —— following — therapy can result in mild diarrhea or colitis
- C.difficile
- Antibiotic
Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea
~ The condition is usually associated with — environments and day-care centers
Healthcare
Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea
~ Ingesting food contaminated with the soil saprophyte —— can result in diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting
Bacillus cereus
Mumps
~ Mumps virus enters and exits the body through the ——
Respiratory tract
Mumps
~ About — to — days after exposure, the virus causes inflammation of the parotid glands, fever, and pain during swallowing. About 4 to 7 days later, or hit is may occur
16 to 18
Mumps
~ After onset of the symptoms, the virus is found in —, —, and —
Blood, saliva, and urine
Hepatitis
~ — of the — is called hepatitis
- Inflammation
- Liver
Hepatitis
~ Viral causes of hepatitis include hepatitis viruses, ——— and —
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Hepatitis
~ Hepatitis A is spread by the —— route
Fecal-oral
Hepatitis
~ Hepatitis B virus is transmitted via —
Blood
Hepatitis
~ Hepatitis C is transmitted —
Blood
Hepatitis
~ Hepatitis D occurs as a superinfection or confection with ——
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis
~ Hepatitis E virus is spread by the —— route
Fecal oral
Viral Gastroenteritis
~ Viral gastroenteritis is most often caused by a — or —
Rotavirus or Norovirus
