Ch.25 Microbial Diseases Of The Digestive System

Question 1

Structure and Function of the Digestive System:
~ 80% of the immune system is located in the — tract
* Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT): —— & ——

Answer 1

1. Intestinal
2. Lymph nodes & Peyer’s Patches

Question 2

Diseases of the Digestive System are the — most common illness in the United States

Answer 2

Second

Question 3

The GI tract, or alimentary canal, consists of the —, —, —, —, ——, and ——

Answer 3

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Question 4

In the GI tract, with — and — help from accessory structures, large food molecules are broken down into smaller molecules that can be transported by — or — to cells

Answer 4

1. Chemical and Mechanical
2. Blood or Lymph

Question 5

Dental Caries (Tooth Decay)
~ Dental caries begin when —— and — are eroded and the pulp is exposed to ——

Answer 5

1. Tooth enamel & Dentin
2. Bacterial Infection

Question 6

Dental Caries (Tooth Decay)
~ ——, found in the mouth, uses — to form dextran from glucose and lactic acid from fructose

Answer 6

1. Streptococcus Mutans
2. Sucrose

Question 7

Dental Caries (Tooth Decay)
~ Bacteria adhere to teeth by the sticky —, forming ——

Answer 7

1. Dextran
2. Dental Plaque

Question 8

Dental Caries (Tooth Decay)
~ Acid produced during carbohydrate — destroys tooth enamel at the site of the plaque

Answer 8

Fermentation

Question 9

Dental Caries (Tooth Decay)
~ Gram — pods and Filamentous bacteria can penetrate into dentin and pulp

Answer 9

Positive

Question 10

Dental Caries (Tooth Decay)
~ Caries are prevented by restricting the ingestion of — and by the — removal of plaque

Answer 10

1. Sucrose
2. Physica;

Question 11

Periodontal Disease:
~ Caries of the cementum and gingivitis are caused by streptococci, actinomycetes, and — gram — bacteria

Answer 11

1. Anaerobic
2. Negative

Question 12

Periodontal Disease:
~ ——— can cause bone destruction and tooth loss; — is due to an inflammatory response to a variety of bacteria growing on the gums

Answer 12

1. Chronic gum disease (periodontitis)
2. Periodontitis

Question 13

Periodontal Disease:
~ Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis is often caused by ——

Answer 13

Provo tells intermedia

Question 14

Bacterial Diseases of the Lower Digestive System:
~ A GI — is caused by the growth of a pathogen in the intestines and incubation times range from 12 hours to 2 weeks. Symptoms of — generally include a fever

Answer 14

Infection, Infection

Question 15

Bacterial Diseases of the Lower Digestive System
~ A bacterial — results from ingesting performed bacterial toxins and symptoms appear 1 to 48 hours after ingestion of the toxin. Fever is not usually a symptom of —
~ These condition are usually treated with — and — replacement

Answer 15

1. Intoxication, Intoxication
2. Fluid & Electrolyte

Question 16

Staphylococcal Food Poisoning
~ Staphylococcal food poisoning is caused by the ingestion of a —

Answer 16

Enterotoxin

Question 17

Staphylococcal Food Poisoning
~ —— is inoculated into foods during preparation. The bacteria grow and produce enterotoxin in food stored at room temperature

Answer 17

S.aureus

Question 18

Shigellosis(Bacillary Dysentery)
~ Shigellosis is caused by any four species of —

Answer 18

Shigella

Question 19

Shigellosis (Bacillary Dysentery)
~ Symptoms include — and — in stools, ——, and — and begin 12 to 36 hours after eating large numbers of —. Septic shock can occur in infants and elderly

Answer 19

1. Blood & mucus, abdominal cramps, fever
2. Salmonella

Question 20

Salmonellosis (Salmonella Gastroenteritis)
~ Salmonellosis, or salmonella gastroenteritis, is caused by many —— serovars

Answer 20

Salmonella enterica

Question 21

Typhoid Fever
~ —— causes typhoid fever; the bacteria are transmitted by contact with ——

Answer 21

1. Salmonella Typhi
2. Human Feces

Question 22

Typhoid Fever:
~ S.typhi is harbored in the — of carriers

Answer 22

Gallbladder

Question 23

Cholera
~——— and — produce an exotoxin that alters the membrane permeability of the intestinal mucosa; the resulting vomiting and diarrhea cause loss of body fluids

Answer 23

Vibrio cholerae 0:1 and 0:139

Question 24

Non cholera Vibrios
~ Vibrio gastroenteritis can be caused by ——

Answer 24

V.parahaemolyticus

Question 25

Non cholera Vibrios ~ These diseases are contracted by eating contaminated — or ——

Answer 25

Crustaceans or Contaminated Mollusks

Question 26

Escherichia Coli Gastroenteritis ~—, —, and —, strains of E.Coli cause diarrhea

Answer 26

Enterotoxigenic, Enteroinvasive, and Enteroaggregative

Question 27

E.Coli Gastroenteritis ~ Enterohemorrhagic E.Coli, such as E.Coli ——, produce — toxins that cause inflammation and bleeding of the colon, including hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome

Answer 27

1. 0157:H7 2. Shiga

Question 28

E.Coli Gastroenteritis ~ The most common causes of traveler’s diarrhea are — and — E.Coli

Answer 28

Enterotoxigenic & Enteroaggregative

Question 29

Campylobacter Gastroenteritis ~ Campylobacter is the — most common cause of diarrhea in the United States. Campylobacter is transmitted in ——

Answer 29

1. Second 2. Cow’s milk

Question 30

Helicobacter Peptic Ulcer Disease ~ —— produces ammonia, which neutralizes ——; the bacteria colonize the stomach mucosa and cause peptic ulcer disease

Answer 30

1. Helicobacter Pylori 2. Stomach Acid

Question 31

Helicobacter Peptic Ulcer Disease ~ Bismuth and several — may be useful in treating peptic ulcer disease

Answer 31

Antibiotics

Question 32

Yersinia Gastroenteritis ~ —— and —— are transmitted in meat and milk ~ Yersinia can grow at — temperatures

Answer 32

1. Y.enterocolitica & Y.pseudotuberculosis 2. Refrigeration

Question 33

Clostridium Perfringens Gastroenteritis ~ C.perfringens causes a —— gastroenteritis

Answer 33

Self-limitinh

Question 34

Clostridium Perfringens Gastroenteritits ~ — survive heating and germinate when foods(usually meats) are stored at — temperature

Answer 34

1. Endospores 2. Room

Question 35

Clostridium Perfringens Gastroenteritis ~ — produced when the bacteria in the intestines is responsible for the symptoms ~ Diagnosis is based on isolating and identifying the bacteria in ——

Answer 35

1. Exotoxin 2. Stool Samples

Question 36

Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea ~ Growth of —— following — therapy can result in mild diarrhea or colitis

Answer 36

1. C.difficile 2. Antibiotic

Question 37

Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea ~ The condition is usually associated with — environments and day-care centers

Answer 37

Healthcare

Question 38

Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea ~ Ingesting food contaminated with the soil saprophyte —— can result in diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting

Answer 38

Bacillus cereus

Question 39

Mumps ~ Mumps virus enters and exits the body through the ——

Answer 39

Respiratory tract

Question 40

Mumps ~ About — to — days after exposure, the virus causes inflammation of the parotid glands, fever, and pain during swallowing. About 4 to 7 days later, or hit is may occur

Answer 40

16 to 18

Question 41

Mumps ~ After onset of the symptoms, the virus is found in —, —, and —

Answer 41

Blood, saliva, and urine

Question 42

Hepatitis ~ — of the — is called hepatitis

Answer 42

1. Inflammation 2. Liver

Question 43

Hepatitis ~ Viral causes of hepatitis include hepatitis viruses, ——— and —

Answer 43

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Question 44

Hepatitis ~ Hepatitis A is spread by the —— route

Answer 44

Fecal-oral

Question 45

Hepatitis ~ Hepatitis B virus is transmitted via —

Answer 45

Blood

Question 46

Hepatitis ~ Hepatitis C is transmitted —

Answer 46

Blood

Question 47

Hepatitis ~ Hepatitis D occurs as a superinfection or confection with ——

Answer 47

Hepatitis B

Question 48

Hepatitis ~ Hepatitis E virus is spread by the —— route

Answer 48

Fecal oral

Question 49

Viral Gastroenteritis ~ Viral gastroenteritis is most often caused by a — or —

Answer 49

Rotavirus or Norovirus