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Microbiology > Ch.12 The Eukaryotes > Flashcards

Ch.12 The Eukaryotes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Fungi:
~ — is the study of fungi
~ —: decompose organic matter
~— or ——

A
  1. Mycology
  2. Chemoheterotrophs
  3. Aerobic or facultative anaerobe
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2
Q

Vegetative Structures:
~ Molds and fleshy fungi
* The fungal —(body) consists of a — filaments; a mass of hyphae is a —
* ——: contains cross-walls
* ——: do not contain septa
* Vegetative hyphae obtain — while aerial hyphae are involved with —

A
  1. Thallus, Hyphae, Mycelium
  2. Septa the Hyphae
  3. Coenocytic Hyphae
  4. Nutrients, Reproduction
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3
Q

Vegetative Structures:
~ Yeasts
* — and —
* —— divide unevenly
* —— divide evenly

A
  1. Non Filamentous & Unicellular
  2. Budding Yeasts
  3. Fission Yeasts
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4
Q

Vegetative Structures:
~ Dimorphic Fungi: yeastlike at — C and moldlike at —C

A
  1. 37 C
  2. 25 C
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5
Q

Life Cycle:
~ Fungi reproduce sexually and asexually via the formation of — that detach from the parent and — into a new mold

A
  1. Spores
  2. Germinate
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6
Q

Life Cycle:
~ Asexual Spores
* Produce via — and —; formed by the — of one organism

A
  1. Mitosis, Cell Division
  2. Hyphae
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7
Q

Conidiophore: — enclosed in a —

A
  1. Not
  2. Sac
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8
Q

Arthroconidia: — of ——

A
  1. Fragmentation
  2. Septate Hyphae
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9
Q

Blastoconidia: — of the ——

A
  1. Buds
  2. Parent Cell
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10
Q

Chlamydoconidium: — within a — segment

A
  1. Spore
  2. Hyphal
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11
Q

Sporangiospore: — in a —

A
  1. Enclosed
  2. Sac
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12
Q

Life Cycle:
~Sexual Spores: fusion of — from two ———

A
  1. Nuclei
  2. Opposite mating strains
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13
Q

Three Phases of Sexual Reproductions:
~ Plasmogamy: — do not cell nucleus (+) penetrates cytoplasm of recipient cell (-)
~ Karyogamy: + and - nuclei fuse and form ——
~ Meiosis: — nucleus produces — nuclei (sexual spores)

A
  1. Haploid
  2. Diploid Zygote
  3. Diploid, Haploid
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14
Q

Nutritional Adaptations:
~ Grow better at pH of —
~ Grow in high — and — concentration; resistant to ——
~ Can grow in low — content
~ Can metabolize ——

A
  1. 5
  2. Sugar & Salt, Osmotic Pressure
  3. Moisture
  4. Complex Carbohydrates
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15
Q

Medically Important Fungi:
1. —
2. —
3. —
4. —

A
  1. Zygomycota
  2. Microsporangia
  3. Ascomycota
  4. Basidiomycota
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16
Q

Zygomycota:
~ — fungi
~ — hyphae
~ Produced asexually: —
~ Produced sexually: —
*Forms when nuclei of ——— fuse

A
  1. Conjugation
  2. Coenocytic
  3. Sporangiospore
  4. Zygospore
  5. Two Similar Cells
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17
Q

Ascomycota:
~— fungi; ——
~ Teleomorphic Fungi: Produce — & — spores
~ Some are anamorphic: lost ability to ——
~ Produced asexually: —
~ Produced sexually: —
* Nucleic morphological similar or dissimilar fuse in a saclike —

A
  1. Sac, Septate Hyphae
  2. Sexual & Asexual
  3. Sexually Reproduce
  4. Conidiophore
  5. Ascospore
  6. Ascus
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18
Q

Basidiomycota:
~ — fungi; ——
~ Produced asexually: —
~Produced sexually: —
*Formed externally on a base pedestal called a —

A
  1. Club, Septate Hyphae
  2. Conidiophores
  3. Basidiospores
  4. Basidium
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19
Q

Mycosis: ——

A

Fungal infection

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20
Q

Systematic mycoses: — within the body

A

Deep

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21
Q

Subcutaneous mycoses: — the —

A

Beneath the skin

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22
Q

Cutaneous Mycoses: affect —,—, and —

A

Hair, Skin, and Nails

23
Q

Superficial Mycoses: —

A

Localized

24
Q

Opportunistic Mycoses: fungi harmless in — habitat but pathogenic in a ——

A
  1. Normal
  2. Compromised Host
25
Q

Lichens:
~ — combination of a green alga (or Cyanobacteria) and fungus

A

Mutualistic

26
Q

Lichens:
~ Alga produces and secretes —; fungus provides —

A
  1. Carbohydrates
  2. Holdfast
27
Q

Alga:
~ Not a — group
~ Unicellular or Filamentous —
~ Lack —,—, and —
~ Mostly aquatic
* Water is necessary for — and —

A
  1. Taxonomic
  2. Photoautotrophs
  3. Roots, stems, and leaves
  4. Growth & Reproduction
28
Q

Characteristic of Algae:
~ All reproduce —
~ Multicellular algae can — or reproduce — via — of —

A
  1. Sexually
  2. Fragment, Sexually, Alteration of Generations
29
Q

Selected Phyla of Algae
~ Brown Algae (Kelp)
* — and —— cell walls
* — and —
* Produce —, — used in foods

A
  1. Cellulose and Alginic Acid
  2. Multicellular and Macroscopic
  3. Align, Thickner
30
Q

Selected Phyla of Algae:
~ Red Algae
* Have branched —
* Most are —
* Harvested for — and —
* Some produce a ——

A
  1. Thalli
  2. Multicellular
  3. Agar & Carrageenan
  4. Lethal Toxin
31
Q

Selected Phyla of Algae:
~ Green Algae
* — cell walls
* — or —
* —— and —
* ——
* Gave rise ——

A
  1. Cellulose
  2. Unicellular or Multicellular
  3. Chlorophyll A and B
  4. Store Starch
  5. Terrestrial Plants
32
Q

Selected Phyla of Algae:
~Diatoms
* — and — cell walls
* — or —
* Store —
* Produce ——cause neurological disease

A
  1. Pectin and Silica
  2. Unicellular or Filamentous
  3. Oil
  4. Domoic Acid
33
Q

Selected Phyla of Algae:
~ Dinoflagellates
* — in plasma membrane
* —
* — cause paralytic shellfish poisoning

A
  1. Cellulose
  2. Unicellular
  3. Neurotoxins
34
Q

Selected Phyla of Algae:
~ Oomycota (water molds)
* — cell walls
* —
* Produce —
* — and plant —

A
  1. Cellulose
  2. Chemoheterotrophic
  3. Zoospores
  4. Decomposers and Plant Parasites
35
Q

Roles of Algae in Nature:
~Fix — into organic molecules
~ Produce — of Earth’s O2
~ —— are increases in planktonic algae that can result in toxin release or die and consume oxygen
~ — production
~ — of animals

A
  1. CO2
  2. 80%
  3. Algal Blooms
  4. Oil
  5. Symbionts
36
Q

Protozoa:
~ ——
~ Inhabit — and —
~ —— nutrition
~ — life cycles

A
  1. Unicellular Eukaryotes
  2. Water & Soil
  3. Animal-like
  4. Complex
37
Q

Protozoa:
~ Feeding and growing form is a —

A

Trophozite

38
Q

Protozoa:
~ Asexual reproduction is by fission, budding, or —

A

Schizogony (Multiple fission)

39
Q

Protozoa:
~ Sexual reproduction is by —

A

Conjugation

40
Q

Protozoa:
~ Some produce a — to survive adverse conditions

A

Cyst

41
Q

Characteristics of Protozoa:
~ Require a large supply of —
~ Many have an out protective pellicle, requiring specialized structures to take in food
* Cilliates was cilia toward mouth like —
* — phagocytize food
~ Food is digested in — and wastes eliminated through an ——

A
  1. Water
  2. Cytosine
  3. Amebae
  4. Vacuoles, Anal Pore
42
Q

Medically Important Protozoa:
~ Diplomonads: No —; multiple —

A
  1. Mitochondria
  2. Flagella
43
Q

Medically Important Protozoa:
~ Parabasalids: — membrane; no — stage

A
  1. Undulating
  2. Cyst
44
Q

Medically Important Protozoa:
~ Euglenoza
* — or faculatative —
* —, transmitted by bites of blood feeding insects

A
  1. Photoautotrophs or Facultative Chemotrophs
  2. Hemoflagellates
45
Q

Amebae:
~ Move by extending —

A

Pseudopods

46
Q

Amebae:
~ —— causes amebic dysentery

A

Entamoeba Histolytica

47
Q

Amebae:
~ —, infects corneas and causes blindness

A

Acanthamoeba

48
Q

Amebae:
~ —, granulomatous amebic encephalitis

A

Balamuthia

49
Q

Apicomplexa:
~ ——, — intracellular parasites, — life cycles
~ ——, transmitted by cats; causes fetal infections
~ —, transmitted via feces; causes waterborne illness

A
  1. Nonmotile, Obligate, Complex
  2. Toxoplasma Gondii
  3. Cryptosporidium
50
Q

Apicomplexa:
~ — causes malaria
* Sexually reproduces in the — mosquito
* A mosquito injects a — into its bite, and the sporozoite undergoes schizogony in the liver;— are produced
* Merozoites infect red blood cells, forming a —— inside the cell
* Red blood cells rupture, and merozoites infect new red blood cells

A
  1. Plasmodium
  2. Anopheles
  3. Sporozoite
  4. Merozoites
  5. Ring Stage
51
Q

Ciliates:
~ Move by cilia arranged in —-
~ —— is the only human parasite; causes dysentery

A
  1. Precise Rows
  2. Balantidium Coli
52
Q

Slime Molds:
~ Cellular Slime Molds
* Resemble —
* Ingest fungi and bacteria by —
* Cells aggregate to form — and —— that differentiate into spores

A
  1. Ameba
  2. Phagocytosis
  3. Stalks and Spore Caps
53
Q

Slime Molds;
~ Plasmodial Slime Molds: mass of — with multiple —; moves as a — ameba

A
  1. Protoplasm
  2. Nuclei
  3. Giant
54
Q

Slime Molds:
~ Cytoplasmic Streaming: protoplasm moves and changes speed and direction to distribute — and —

A

Oxygen and Nutrients

Microbiology (15 decks)

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