CH.5 Flashcards
T or F: immunoglobulins are antibodies
T
where are the heavy chains located on an immunoglobulin
inner
where are the light chains located on an immunoglobulin
outer
where is the variable region on an immunoglobulin
top
where is the constant region on an immunoglobulin
bottom
does the Fc fragment bind to Ag
no
what part of the immunoglobulin plays an important part in effector functions
Fc fragment
what makes up the fab fragment
one light chain and 1/2 of heavy chain
what does papain digestion of immunoglobulin yield
2 fab fragments and an Fc portion
what does pepsin digestion of immunoglobulin yield
Fab 2 fragment and Fc portion in pieces
what makes the light chains
malignant plasma cells
what kind of chains are kappa and lambda
light
which immunoglobulin has kappa and lambda light chains
found in all immunoglobulin
what kind of heavy chain does IgG have
gamma
what kind of heavy. chain does IgM have
mu
what kind of heavy chain does IgA have
alpha
what kind of heavy chain does IgD have
delta
what kind of heavy chain does IgE have
epsilon
what kind of variation do isotope immunoglobulin have
H chain
what kind of variation do allotrope immunoglobulin have
constant regions
what kind of variation do idiotype immunoglobulin have
variable regions
where is the hinge region located
on heavy chain between CH1 and CH2
what allows flexibility and hydrophobic residues in the hinge region
proline
what are the direct functions of an Ab
neutralization, agglutination, and precipitation
what are the indirect functions of a Ab
inflammation, phagocytosis, and complement
what does the fab fragment bind to
Ag
what do phagocytic cells recognize on Ab bound to Ag
fc region
what is the most common immunoglobulin
IgG
what immunoglobulin has the longest 1/2 life
IgG
where do you find IgG
plasma of serum
which immunoglobulin has the highest molecular weight
IgM
which immunoglbulin can cross the placenta
IgG
T or F: IgG2 can cross the placenta
F
what kind of rxns does IgG cause
agglutination
when do maternal IgG stop crossing placenta
at birth
what increases the efficiency of phagocytosis when dealing with IgG
phagocytic cells have specific Fc receptors for IgG
which immunoglobulin can enter extravascular spaces easily
IgG
what kind of immunoglobulin is IgM
macroglbulin
where is IgM found
intravascular pool
what is the 1st immunoglobulin to respond after attack
IgM
what form is IgM
pentamer
what holds together the pentamer formation of IgM
J chains
T or F: IgM has a short lived response but long lag phase
T
when will IgM stop being synthesized
after Ag is gone
does IgM have memory
no
does IgG have memory
yes
what kind of infection is IgM best at fighting
bacterial
what is the 1st immunoglobulin to be rearranged
IgM
if a lymph has a mmb IgM what does that indicate
immature B Cells
where do you find IgA
serum
what immunoglobulin is found in breast milk, saliva, sweat, and tears
IgA
what immunoglobulin is the first line of defense on mucosal surfaces
IgA
where does secretory IgA transport to
MALT
where do you find IgD
surface of immunocompetent but unstimulated B lymphs
what is the 2nd immunoglobulin to respond after attack
IgD
if B lymphs have IgM receptors will an IgG response occur
no
b lymphs with both IgM and IgD will respond to what
T cells
what immunoglobulin do the lungs and the skin plasma cells produce
IgE
what immunoglobulin do mast cells bind
IgE
when is the light chain rearranged
not until the heavy chain is completed
T or F: the heavy chain is always rearranged 1st
T
which light chain is rearranged 1st
kappa
after kappa what light chain is rearranged
VJ
after the light chain is rearranged what does it join with
mu heavy chain
what makes up the mature Kappa light chain
VJ segment and C region
what is isotope switching
when a B cell changes what immunoglobulin is being produced
what changes are made to constant and variable regions of the ab
constant region changes but variable region stays the same
how is the constant region changed in isotope switching
loop is made and then deleted –> new constant region binds
t or f: monoclonal ab are not very specific
F
what are monoclonal Ab mainly. used for
diagnostic testing and terapeutic purposes
where do monoclonal ab come from
single parent ab that has reproduced many times
what is a hybridoma
monoclonal ab
what makes up a hybridoma
activated B cell with myeloma cell
why can’t hybridoma make it own DNA
is lacks the enzyme
