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CLS 306 > ABO Blood Group > Flashcards

ABO Blood Group Flashcards

1
Q

what was the first blood group to be ID

A

ABO

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2
Q

t or F: the ABO blood group has naturally occurring ab

A

T

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3
Q

where do expected abs come from

A

Environmental factors

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4
Q

what kind of immunoglobulin are anti a anti b abs

A

IgMs

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5
Q

what do anti A and Anti b activate

A

complement

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6
Q

what kind of rejection occurs if a pt is transfused with ABO incompatible blood

A

acute humeral rejection

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7
Q

how is the ABO blood group inherited

A

mendelian genetics

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8
Q

what kind of alleles are the ABO gene

A

autosomal co-dominant

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9
Q

what chromosome has the ABO locus

A

chromosome 9

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10
Q

if both parents are type A can they produce a type O baby

A

yes because mom and dad could each have 1 O gene and the baby could get both

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11
Q

what is the heterozygous form of type A blood

A

AO

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12
Q

what is the homozygous of type A blood

A

AA

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13
Q

what is the genotype of type O blood

A

OO

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14
Q

what is the genotype of type AB blood

A

AB

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15
Q

what ag do type O pt have

A

H

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16
Q

what kind of structure do ags have

A

carbohydrate

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17
Q

what genes have products that affect the expression of ags

A

ABO, Hh, and Sese

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18
Q

what kind of sugar chain is the H precursor substance

A

4 sugar chain

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19
Q

what sugar is added to the H precursor substance

A

L-fucose

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20
Q

where is the H gene located

A

on type 2 chains beta 1 –> 4 linkage

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21
Q

H gene rxn with precursor substance + _____ = __ ag

A

fucose, H

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22
Q

what gene is required for the production of A or B ags

A

H gene

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23
Q

is the h gene amorph

A

yes

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24
Q

what adds sugars to the H ag to make A or B ags

A

glycosyltransferases

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25
Q

T or F: all H genes are converted into A or B ags

A

F

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26
Q

what blood groups have the most H ag (most to least)

A

O > A2 > B > A2B > A1 >A1B

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27
Q

what is the name for this genotype hh

A

bombay

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28
Q

what RBC ag do Bombay pt have

A

none

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29
Q

what plasma ab do Bombay pt have

A

potent anti H, anti A, and anti B

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30
Q

what is the location of H (FUT 1) gene

A

chromosome 19

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31
Q

what is the location of Se (FUT 2) gene

A

chromosome 19

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32
Q

if a person has A or B ags in their body fluids what are they considered

A

secretors

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33
Q

T. or F: a secretor will have Ags in the CSF

A

F

34
Q

what kind of body fluid have secreted free oligosaccharides (secretors)

A

milk and urine

35
Q

is it more common to be a secretor or not

A

secretor

36
Q

what ags do secreters secrete

A

A, B, or H

37
Q

where are ABH glycolipids ags found

A

imbedded in cell mmb

38
Q

where are ABH glycoproteins ag found

A

secreted into exocrine fluid

39
Q

what is the basic backbone of RBC ag

A

glycolipids

40
Q

what is the precursor chain of RBC ags

A

type 2

41
Q

what is the linkage of RBC ags

A

beta 1–>4

42
Q

what is the L-fucosyltransferase of RBC ags

A

FUT 1 by H gene

43
Q

what is the basic backbone of ABO soluble substances

A

glycoproteins

44
Q

what is the precursor chain of ABO soluble substances

A

type 1

45
Q

what is the linkage of ABO soluble substances

A

beta 1 –> 3

46
Q

what is the L- fucosyltransferase of ABO soluble substances

A

FUT. 2 by. Se gene

47
Q

what blood type do Bombay pt type as

A

O

48
Q

if a Bombay pt needs a transfusion what kind of blood is given

A

bombay donor blood

49
Q

The major immunoglobulin class(es) of anti-B in a group A individual is (are):

A

IgM

50
Q

What are the possible ABO phenotypes of the offspring from the mating of a group A to a group B individual?

A

O, A, B, AB

51
Q

The immunodominant sugar responsible for blood group A specificity is:

A

N -acetylD -galactosamine.

52
Q

What ABH substance(s) would be found in the saliva of a group B secretor?

A

H and B

53
Q

anti a = 4+, anti B = 4+, anti A1 = neg, A1 cells= 2+, B cells = neg. The reactions above may be seen in a patient who is:

A

A 2 B with anti-A1

54
Q

Which of the following ABO blood groups contains the least amount of H substance?

A

A 1 B

55
Q

You are working on a specimen in the laboratory that you believe to be a Bombay phenotype. Which of the following reactions would you expect to see?

A

Patient’s cells + Ulex europaeus = no agglutination

56
Q

An example of a technical error that can result in an ABO discrepancy is:

A

Cell suspension that is too heavy.

57
Q

anti a = 4+, anti B = neg, A1 cells= 2+, B cells = 4+, O cells= 2+, autocontrol= neg. These results are most likely due to

A

Non-ABO alloantibody.

58
Q

what is the most blood subgroup

A

A

59
Q

what reagent does not always react well with anti a reagent

A

A2 cells

60
Q

what type of A subgroup is more common

A

A1

61
Q

what blood subgroup has anti A1 in sera

A

A2B (more common) and A2

62
Q

what is the phenotype of anti a= + and anti A1 = +

A

A1

63
Q

what is the phenotype of anti a= + and anti A1 = neg

A

A2

64
Q

does A1 or A2 produce more enzyme that converts H ag

A

A1

65
Q

what are the possible genotypes of A1 phenotype

A

A1A2

66
Q

what are the possible genotypes of A2 phenotype

A

A2A2 or A2O

67
Q

what subgroup do group A infants appear as

A

A2

68
Q

true or f: anti B1 exists

A

F

69
Q

what does it mean to be cis AB

A

a and b gene are on the same chromosome

70
Q

what are the parents of a cis AB child

A

AB and O

71
Q

what needs to be tested for ABO blood typing

A

RBC and plasma/serum

72
Q

what is detected for the forward type ABO typing

A

A or B ags on RBC mmb

73
Q

where do you get Anti a and anti B from

A

type O pt

74
Q

in a forward type rxn. if it is not 4+ what does this mean

A

subgroup present

75
Q

what does reverse type testing detect

A

abs to A, B, AB, or H

76
Q

t or f: reverse typing should not be preformed on children less than 6 months

A

T

77
Q

what kind of immunoglobulin are ABO abs

A

IgM

78
Q

do ABO abs cross the placenta barrier

A

no

79
Q

what blood group has the highest titers for anti a

A

type O

80
Q

at what age are ab levels fully developed

A

5 to 10 yrs

81
Q

a what age do abo titers decrease

A

greater than 65

CLS 306 (19 decks)

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