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CLS 306 > CH.4 B > Flashcards

CH.4 B Flashcards

1
Q

what gives rise to undifferentiated lymphocytes

A

red bone barrow

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2
Q

what cells do B and T cells come from

A

undifferentiated lymphocytes

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3
Q

what is the stroma made up of in the thymus

A

epithelial cells and connective tissue

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4
Q

where do T cells develop in the thymus

A

stroma

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5
Q

what % of lymphs in the peripheral blood are T cells

A

60 to 80

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6
Q

what is the T lymphocyte precursor

A

thymocytes

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7
Q

where do early thymocytes enter the thymus

A

corticomedullary junction

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8
Q

Once thymocytes enter the corticomedullary junction where do they go

A

outer cortex

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9
Q

what cytokine is critical for growth and differentiation of T cells

A

interleukin 7

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10
Q

what drives the T cell differentiation process

A

chemokine

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11
Q

how do thymocytes develop into t cells

A

rearrangement of genes

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12
Q

what is a double positive (DP) T cell

A

expresses CD 8+ and CD 4+

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13
Q

what is a double negative (DN) T cell

A

does not express either CD 8+ and CD 4+

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14
Q

T or F: the majority of intrathymic cells die before maturing

A

T

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15
Q

there is orderly _____ rearrangement of genes coding for the T cell receptor

A

random

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16
Q

what is specific about T cell maturation

A

distinct surface markers appear during diff stages

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17
Q

T or F: early thymocytes have CD4 and CD8 markers

A

F

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18
Q

what DNA chain on the TCR is rearranged 1st

A

beta

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19
Q

are the majority of T cells DP or DN

A

DP

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20
Q

what T cell receptor chains recognize Ag

A

alpha and beta

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21
Q

what part of the antigen do alpha and beta recognize on Ag

A

variable regions

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22
Q

how do TCR (T cell receptors) recognize different Ag

A

the alpha and beta chains get rearranged

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23
Q

what chromosome is the TCR beta chain

A

7

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24
Q

what region on the beta chain is rearranged 1st

A

C region

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25
Q

def? only one allele on 1 chromosome is rearranged

A

allelic exclusion

26
Q

During pos selection what happens if T cells binds to self MHC

A

further differentiation

27
Q

During pos selection what happens if T cells do not bind to self MHC

A

Apoptosis

28
Q

During neg selection what happens if T cells binds to self Ag

A

apoptosis

29
Q

what causes the activation of kinase enzymes

A

T cell receptor binding with MHC

30
Q

where does positive selection of thymocytes occur

A

cortex

31
Q

what happens if DP thymocyte interact too strong/weak with thymic epithelial cells

A

Apoptosis

32
Q

T helper cells recognize what class of MHC

A

class II

33
Q

what accounts of 2/3 of peripheral T cells

A

t helper cells

34
Q

where does negative selection occur

A

medulla

35
Q

T or F: survivors of T cell selection exhibit only one type of marker

A

T

36
Q

what kind of T cells express CD 8+

A

cytotoxic T cells

37
Q

T cytotoxic cells recognize what class of MHC

A

class I

38
Q

what kind of T helper cell activate cytotoxic T lymphs and macrophages

A

Th1

39
Q

what kind of T helper cell helps B cells produce Ab

A

Th2

40
Q

what kind of t helper cell suppress immune resonse when needed

A

T regulatory cells

41
Q

what do T regulatory cells secrete

A

inhibitory cytokines

42
Q

what kind of t helper cell stimulate growth of mast cells and promote autoimmune inflammation

A

Th9

43
Q

what kind of t helper cell increase inflammation and joint destruction

A

Th17

44
Q

how long do T cells stay in the medulla

A

12 days

45
Q

where do T cells get their 1st exposure to Ag

A

secondary lymphoid organs

46
Q

how do T. cells make sure they get exposed to Ag

A

recirculate in blood stream every few hours

47
Q

what happens once a T cell is exposed to an Ag

A

they become activated

48
Q

what are the cell stages of B cell differentiation

A

Hematopoietic stem cell –> Pro B cell –> Pre- B cell –> immature B cell

49
Q

what interacts with the C kit on the pro B Cell

A

stem cell factor

50
Q

once C kit and stem cell factor interact what happens

A

DNA arrangement

51
Q

what kind of B cell precursor has mu chains in the cytoplasm and alpha and beta chains on the surface

A

pre b cell

52
Q

what kind of B cell precursor has IgM on surface

A

immature B cells

53
Q

what is B cell central tolerance

A

B cells that bind to self ag –> apoptosis

54
Q

If an immature B cell comes into contact with a blood borne pathogen what kind of B cell does it become

A

marginal zone B cell

55
Q

if an immature B cell migrate to lymph nodes or there secondary lymph organ what kind of B cell do they become

A

follicular B cell

56
Q

T or F: all types of B cells express IgM and IgD differently

A

F

57
Q

what happens once a B cell comes into contact with a Ag

A

blast transformation

58
Q

what is humoral immunity

A

plasma cell secreting Ab

59
Q

T or F: T cells only respond to ag that are attached to MHC class I or II

A

T

60
Q

what kind of cells have class I MHC

A

nucleated cells

61
Q

what part of the Ab is always the same as the parent and clone

A

variable region

CLS 306 (19 decks)

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