Ch.49 Thoracic Disorders

Question 1

What are the landmarks to trace the diaphragm

Answer 1

Point of elbow (6th rib) to the point of the shoulder (10th rib)
to transverse processes of last thoracic vertebrae (17th-18th rib)

Question 2

What comprises the pleural fluid

Answer 2

Transudate of blood within the pleural space

Question 3

Where is the pleural space located

Answer 3

Between the two compartments of the pleura, the parietal and the visceral pleura

Question 4

What is the mediastinum formed by and what does it encase

Answer 4

Parietal pleura lines the thoracic cavity and forms the mediastinum axially

Heart
Great vessels
Thymus in neonate
Oesophagus
Trachea
Lymphoid tissue
Nerves

Question 5

What encloses the lungs

Answer 5

Visceral pleura

Question 6

Lobulation of the lungs

Answer 6

Cardia notch divides the cranial and caudal lung lobes
Additional accessory lobe on the right

Question 7

Location of the heart

Answer 7

Rib space 2-6

Question 8

What maintains lung expansion during exhalation

Answer 8

Negative pressure within the pleural space
Thoracic stiffness
Alveolar surfactant